Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What makes up the CV?
The heart, blood and arteries
What are the functions of the CV System?
- Oxygen & nutrition transport to cells.
- Thermoregulation- regulates body temp.
- Supports immune system- transports white blood cells.
- Waste removal- eliminates metabolic by- products.
- Transports Hormones
- PH maintenance
- Blood pressure regulation
- Nutrient storage and transportation e.g. transports glucose to be used to produce energy
Where is the heart located?
Within the mediastinum.
The aorta is level with the first rib.
The bottom of the heart (apex) is between the left side of the 4th and 5th rib
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right Atrium
Right ventricle
Left Atrium
Left ventricle
What are the properties of cardiac muscles?
Small
Striated
Branched cells with a single nucleus
Intercalated discs
Contractions are involuntarily controlled
What the names of the heart’s valves?
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid (mitral) Valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
- Prevent backflow of blood/ keep it flowing in one direction
What are the characteristics of blood?
Viscous- thicker than blood
38 degree temperature
PH between 7.35 and 7.45= slightly alkaline
8% of total bodyweight
0.9% salt concentration
What at the components of blood?
- Formed elements- Cell structures, which make up 45% of blood volume
- Plasma- liquid containing dissolved substances, 55% blood volume
What are the sub- functions of the Circulatory System?
- System Circulation: Provides oxygenated blood around the whole body
- Pulmonary Circulation: Between the heart and the lungs
What are the roles of systematic circulation?
- Distribute metabolites & hormones
- Collect waste products e.g. Co2
- PH regulation
- Pulsate through arterioles to reach cells
What are the Roles of Pulmonary circulation?
- Respiration- gaseous exchange in lungs.
- Make oxygenated blood available to the left side of the heart to maximise cardiac output.
Systole?
Heart contraction
Diastole?
Heart relaxation/ refill of the right atrium
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)?
Volume of blood in ventricle at the end of diastole
End Systolic Volume (ESV)?
Volume of blood left in a ventricle after systole
