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Human A+P 2 Labs > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Present at erythrocyte-plasma junction

A

Buffy coat

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2
Q

The Buffy coat contains

A

leukocytes and platelets

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3
Q

what percentage of the total volume of blood do erythrocytes make up?

A

45%

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4
Q

This 45% is also termed

A

the hematocrit

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5
Q

What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?

A

55%(remaining)

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6
Q

Blood accounts for approx ___ of body weight

A

8%

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7
Q

average healthy volume in adult males; adult females

A

5-6 L; 4-5 L

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8
Q

List some functions of blood

A

Distribution, Regulation, Protection

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9
Q

Most plasma proteins are produced by

A

the liver

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10
Q

maintaining normal pH in body tissues

A

a regulatory function of blood

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11
Q

maintaining adequate fluid volume of blood

A

a regulatory function of blood

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12
Q

preventing blood loss/clotting formation action

A

a protective function of blood

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13
Q

preventing infection

A

a protective function of blood

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14
Q

a straw-colored, sticky fluid that is 90% water and contains over 100 different solutes, including electrolytes and proteins

A

blood plasma

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15
Q

accounts for 60% of plasma protein

A

albumin(major blood protein contributing to osmotic pressure)

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16
Q

formed elements of blood

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

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17
Q

Only ____ are complete cells with nuclei

A

leukocytes

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18
Q

“bags” of Hb

A

RBC/erythrocytes

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19
Q

How do erythrocytes generate ATP?

A

anaerobic mechanisms. they do not consume any of the oxygen they carry, which makes them highly efficient oxygen transporters.

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20
Q

Hemoglobin contains

A

2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups

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21
Q

the heme pigment is bound to the protein; each heme group bears an iron atom in its

A

globin; center

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22
Q

what male hormone enhances EPO

A

testosterone

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23
Q

the average daily loss of iron in women in mg is roughly

24
Q

List two other necessary micronutrients(vitamins)linked to potential erythrocyte deficits

A

B12 and Folic Acid

25
Q

the “red blood cell” graveyard

26
Q

when blood oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism

27
Q

anemia is a _____ rather than a disease itself.

A

sign of some disorder

28
Q

anemia caused by blood loss

A

hemorrhagic anemia

29
Q

results in large, pale cells called microcytes

A

pernicious anemia

30
Q

results from destruction or inhibition of of red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses

A

aplastic anemia

31
Q

erythrocytes rupture or lyse prematurely

A

hemolytic anemia(s)

32
Q

Thalassemias

A

Typically occur in Mediterranean ancestry. One of the globin chains is absent or fault, erythrocytes are thin, delicate and deficient in hemoglobin.

33
Q

Sickled erythrocyte results from a single amino acid change in the __________.

A

Beta chain of hemoglobin

34
Q

polycythemia

A

increases erythrocyte count so blood becomes more viscous and sluggish

35
Q

polycythemia vera

A

bone marrow cancer. High RBC count and extreme dizziness.

36
Q

artificially induced polycythemia

A

Blood Doping

37
Q

accounts for less than 1% of total blood volume

A

WBCs (leukocytes)

38
Q

diapedesis

A

WBCs ability to slip out of capillary blood vessels and use the circulatory system to transport to areas of the body where they mount inflammatory and immune responses

39
Q

rarest white blood cells

40
Q

histamine is an inflammatory chemical that acts as a

A

vasodilator

41
Q

Accounts for 25% or more of the leukocyte population

A

Lymphocytes

42
Q

Account for 3-8% of WBCs

43
Q

replacing blood volume generally consists of

A

an isotonic salt solution.

44
Q

Group O is the

A

universal donor blood type

45
Q

three steps in homeostasis after a blood vessel rupture

A
  1. vascular spasm
  2. platelet plug formation
  3. coagulation (blood clotting)
46
Q

factors that inhibit clogging are

A

anticoagulants

47
Q

removes unneeded clots when healing has occurred

A

fibrinolysis

48
Q

describe a lymphocyte

A

large, spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

49
Q

describe a monocyte

A

kidney-shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

50
Q

what network of proteins on the face of RBCs allows for fluidity of their structure?

51
Q

when oxygen combines with iron, it is called

A

oxyhemoglobin

52
Q

when oxygen detaches from iron, hemoglobin becomes

A

deoxyhemoglobin

53
Q

blood cell formation

A

hematopoiesis

54
Q

blood cell forming stem cell

A

hemocytoblast

55
Q

erythropoiesis

A

formation of red blood cells

56
Q

first step in erythropoiesis

A

myeloid stem cells transforms into a proerythroblast

57
Q

_______ arise and produce a large number of ribosomes

A

pro erythroblast

Human A+P 2 Labs (1 decks)

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