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EXSS-175 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Epicardium

A

External layer; visceral layer of serous pericardium; smooth, slippery texture

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2
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle (95%)

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3
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer; smooth lining for chambers, valves, and continuous with lining of large blood vessels

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4
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane surrounding and protecting the heart

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5
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue— prevents overstretching

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6
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Thinner, more delicate membrane— double layer

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7
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Prevents black flow within heart; tricuspid and bicuspid valves

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8
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Prevent back flow into heart; pulmonary and aortic semilunar

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9
Q

Pathway of blood through the heart

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. Tricuspid valve
  3. Right ventricle
  4. Pulmonary valve
  5. Pulmonary arteries
  6. Pulmonary veins
  7. Left atrium
  8. Bicuspid valve
  9. Left ventricle
  10. Aortic valve
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10
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation, regulation, protection

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11
Q

Plasma

A

55% blood; contains water and solutes

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12
Q

Formed elements of the blood

A

45% of blood; made of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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13
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Decreased blood volume

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14
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Poor heart function

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15
Q

Vascular shock

A

Inappropriate vasodilation

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16
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Obstruction of blood flow

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17
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart to other organs

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18
Q

Arterioles

A

Very small arteries

19
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny vessels that allow exchange of substances between blood and body tissues

20
Q

Venules

A

Very small veins

21
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood from the tissues back to heart

22
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Walls stretch to accommodate surge of blood

23
Q

Conducting arteries

A

Aorta, common carotid, subclavian, etc

24
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Medium sized, capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation, thick walls

25
Q

Arterioles function

A

Regulates resistance to blood flow by vasoconstriction and vasodilation

26
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Increase BP

27
Q

Vasodilation

A

Decreases BP

28
Q

Capillaries composition

A

Single layer of endothelial cells

29
Q

Veins structure

A

Less elastic tissue and smooth muscle than arteries; more fibrous connective tissue than arteries; lower pressure in veins

30
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Supplies small branches to atrium and divides inferiorly

31
Q

Posterior interventricular branch

A

Supplies walls of two ventricles

32
Q

Marginal branch

A

Supplies myocardium of only right ventricle

33
Q

Left coronary artery: anterior interventricular branch

A

Walls of both ventricles

34
Q

Circumflex branch

A

Walls of LA & LV

35
Q

Primary lymphatic organs

A

Provide environment for maturation of B and T lymphocytes; red bone marrow for B cells, thymus for mature T cells

36
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

A

Site where most immune responses occur; B and T cells become active in the spleen, lymph nodes, and blood stream -> produce antibodies

37
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A
  1. Draining excess interstitial fluid and plasma proteins from tissue spaces
  2. Transporting dietary lipids and vitamins from GI track to blood
  3. Facilitating immune responses
38
Q

Formation of lymph

A

Fluid and proteins escaping from vascular capillaries is collected by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood

39
Q

Flow of lymph

A
  1. Arteries and blood capillaries
  2. Interstitial spaces
  3. Lymph capillaries
  4. Lymphatic vessels
  5. Lymph trunks
  6. Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
  7. Subclavian veins
40
Q

Lymphedema

A

Blockage of lymphatic vessels

41
Q

Flow of excitation through cardiac conduction system

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Right and left bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
42
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization; small upward mound

43
Q

QRS complex

A

Rapid ventricular depolarization; small deflection, large triangular wave, downward wave

44
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization; dome shaped upward deflection

EXSS-175 (8 decks)

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