Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Four major functions of the circulatory system
- maintain homeostasis
- Deliver nutrients ( O2, CHO, amino-acids, fatty acids, lipids, vitamins, hormones, cytokines, immune cells, water, and heat )
- Remove waste products ( Co2, L-lactate, protons, urea, water, and heat)
- To be energetically efficient with adequate reserve capacity
Galen
Stated that there were pores in the interventricular septum that helped carry the “ vital spirit”
Andreas Vesalius
No pored in the interventricular septum, cardiac contractions was associated with a pulse
William Harvey
Considered to have discovered the circulatory system, with the heart as a pump and one way valves in veins and heart
Stephen Hales
Was considered to be the first cardiovascular physiologist. He measured blood pressure in the carotid artery and jugular vein
The cardiovascular system consist of
Pump
Circuits
Fluid
Diffusion
Is slow over short distances so that metabolically active cells must be within 100um of a capillary carrying blood
Bulk flow
Is rapid over long distances
Conduits = artery, arterioles
Energy for flow is produced by the perfusion pressure difference
The fluid inside the circuit is called
Blood
The viscosity of blood increases with ______
Hematocrit
The fluid outside the circuit includes
Interstitial fluid, lymphatic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, and pericardial fluid.
Which one of the following statements concerning the cardiovascular system is correct?
A. The cardiovascular system consists of a pump, fluid, and a circuit in an open system
B. The cardiovascular system plays a minor role in cellular homeostasis
C. The cardiovascular system delivers nutrients such as CO2 and removes wastes products such as O2 from cells in organ beds
D. The cardiovascular system must be energetically efficient with adequate reserve capacity
D.
Heart ( the pump)
2 pumps in a series that share a common wall for energy efficiency . The heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac that contains pericardial fluid
4 chambers of the heart
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What is the valve between the RV and RA
Tricuspid valve