Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the 5 main diseases of the Cardiovascular System?
- Hypertension
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Myocardial Infarction/Angina Pectoris
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Cardiac Arrythmia
This is when your blood pressure, the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your blood vessels is consistently too high.
Hypertension
Four types of antihypertensive drugs
Ace Inhibitors
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diuretics
Give two antihypertensive drugs under Ace Inhibitors
Captopril
Benazepril
Give two antihypertensive drugs under Beta blockers
Atenolol
Betaxolol
Give two antihypertensive drugs under Calcium Channel Blockers
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Give two antihypertensive drugs under Diuretics
Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
What does RAAS stand for?
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
How does RAAS work?
Low BP - Kidney releases Renin - Angiotensin comes from the lungs - Renin will split Angiotensin - Angiotensin I is released - ACE will convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II - Angiotensin II is released - Aldosterone will come out for sodium reabsorption - Increased sodium will increase blood volume
Fill in the blanks.
Where _________ goes, ____________ follows.
sodium
water
True or False
The more sodium, the more water, increases blood volume.
True.
This is a condition in which the heart muscle fails to adequately pump blood around the CV system, leading to backup or congestion of blood in the system.
Heart Failure
These are drugs that affect the intracellular calcium levels in the heart muscle leading to increased cardiac contractility.
Cardiotonic Agents - Drugs to treat heart failure
What are the 3 drugs to treat heart failure?
Digoxin
Milrinone
Ivabradine
This disease has fatty plaques that cause blockage and decrease blood flow to the myocardium.
Coronary Artery Disease
What do you call drugs that treat CAD?
Lipid-lowering/ Antihyperlipidemic agents
Drugs that lower lipid levels in the blood
Give 3 drugs that treat CAD
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Lovastatin
Fill in the blanks.
If the enzyme ______________________ is blocked, the serum cholesterol and LDL levels ________________.
HMG-CoA (Hydoxymethylglutaryl enzyme)
decrease
What does HMG-CoA stand for?
Hydoxymethylglutaryl enzyme
This is caused by complete blockage of one of the coronary arteries. Heart cells deprived of blood/oxygen become ischemic, die and form an infarct.
Myocardial Infarct
This has “suffocation of the chest” pain caused by an imbalance between the demand and supply of oxygen in the heart.
Angina Pectoris
This acts directly on the smooth muscle of the heart to cause relaxation.
A. Beta blockers
B. NItrates
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
Suffix of beta blockers
-olol
suffix of calcium channel blockers
-pine
