Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the 5 main diseases of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

1. Hypertension
2. Coronary Artery Disease
3. Myocardial Infarction/Angina Pectoris
4. Congestive Heart Failure
5. Cardiac Arrythmia

Question 2

This is when your blood pressure, the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your blood vessels is consistently too high.

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Four types of antihypertensive drugs

Answer 3

Ace Inhibitors
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diuretics

Question 4

Give two antihypertensive drugs under Ace Inhibitors

Answer 4

Captopril
Benazepril

Question 5

Give two antihypertensive drugs under Beta blockers

Answer 5

Atenolol
Betaxolol

Question 6

Give two antihypertensive drugs under Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 6

Amlodipine
Felodipine

Question 7

Give two antihypertensive drugs under Diuretics

Answer 7

Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 8

What does RAAS stand for?

Answer 8

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

Question 9

How does RAAS work?

Answer 9

Low BP - Kidney releases Renin - Angiotensin comes from the lungs - Renin will split Angiotensin - Angiotensin I is released - ACE will convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II - Angiotensin II is released - Aldosterone will come out for sodium reabsorption - Increased sodium will increase blood volume

Question 10

Fill in the blanks.

Where _________ goes, ____________ follows.

Answer 10

sodium
water

Question 11

True or False

The more sodium, the more water, increases blood volume.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

This is a condition in which the heart muscle fails to adequately pump blood around the CV system, leading to backup or congestion of blood in the system.

Answer 12

Heart Failure

Question 13

These are drugs that affect the intracellular calcium levels in the heart muscle leading to increased cardiac contractility.

Answer 13

Cardiotonic Agents - Drugs to treat heart failure

Question 14

What are the 3 drugs to treat heart failure?

Answer 14

Digoxin
Milrinone
Ivabradine

Question 15

This disease has fatty plaques that cause blockage and decrease blood flow to the myocardium.

Answer 15

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 16

What do you call drugs that treat CAD?

Answer 16

Lipid-lowering/ Antihyperlipidemic agents
Drugs that lower lipid levels in the blood

Question 17

Give 3 drugs that treat CAD

Answer 17

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Lovastatin

Question 18

Fill in the blanks.

If the enzyme ______________________ is blocked, the serum cholesterol and LDL levels ________________.

Answer 18

HMG-CoA (Hydoxymethylglutaryl enzyme)
decrease

Question 19

What does HMG-CoA stand for?

Answer 19

Hydoxymethylglutaryl enzyme

Question 20

This is caused by complete blockage of one of the coronary arteries. Heart cells deprived of blood/oxygen become ischemic, die and form an infarct.

Answer 20

Myocardial Infarct

Question 21

This has “suffocation of the chest” pain caused by an imbalance between the demand and supply of oxygen in the heart.

Answer 21

Angina Pectoris

Question 22

This acts directly on the smooth muscle of the heart to cause relaxation.

Answer 22

A. Beta blockers
B. NItrates
C. Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 23

Suffix of beta blockers

Answer 23

-olol

Question 24

suffix of calcium channel blockers

Answer 24

-pine

Question 25

These are disturbances in the normal electrical activity of the conduction system.

Answer 25

Cardiac Arrythmia

Question 26

What will happen to the BP if you block Renin?

Answer 26

BP will decrease.

Question 27

What will happen to sodium when you block Aldosterone?

Answer 27

Sodium will be blocked as well.

Question 28

These are drugs that affect the action potential of cardiac cells and are used to treat arrythmias and restore normal rate and rhythm.

Answer 28

Antiarrythmic Drugs

Question 28

These are drugs that affect the action potential of cardiac cells and are used to treat arrythmias and restore normal rate and rhythm.

Answer 28

Antiarrythmic Drugs