Cardiovascular System

Question 1

how to grade edema

Answer 1

1 - no visual swelling, slight indentation (2mm). 2 - moderate indentation (4mm). 3 - swollen, deep pitting remains for a short time (6mm). 4 - grossly swollen, pitting lasts a long time (8mm)

Question 2

pulse quality means what

Answer 2

how well perfusion is

Question 3

how to grade pulses

Answer 3

0 - no pulse. 1 - diminished. 2 - expected. 3 - strong. 4 - bounding

Question 4

peripheral pulses include

Answer 4

radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

Question 5

how to grade murmurs

Answer 5

I - barely audible. II - faint but audible. III - moderately loud. IV - loud, with thrill. V - very loud with thrill. VI - heard with stethoscope barely lifted off chest, with thrill

Question 6

holosystolic or pansystolic murmurs

Answer 6

heard throughout systole

Question 7

systolic murmurs may indicate these diseases

Answer 7

mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation. MR PASS MVP

Question 8

systolic murmur due to aortic stenosis sign

Answer 8

loudest at second right intercostal space at base, midsystolic

Question 9

systolic murmur due to mitral valve prolapse sign

Answer 9

best heard at apex, loud then soft

Question 10

systolic murmur due to mitral regurgitation sign

Answer 10

loud blowing, best heard at apex and radiates to L axilla

Question 11

diastolic murmurs may indicates these diseases

Answer 11

aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis. MS ARD

Question 12

diastolic murmur due to aortic regurgitation sign

Answer 12

heard at 3rd left intercostal space at base, softer

Question 13

diastolic murmur due to mitral stenosis sign

Answer 13

heard best at apex in left lateral position, rumbling

Question 14

S3 sound is heard when

Answer 14

after S2

Question 15

S3 is caused by

Answer 15

decreased compliance of ventricles, dilated too much

Question 16

S3 is an early sign of

Answer 16

heart failure and volume overload

Question 17

S4 sound is heard when

Answer 17

before S1

Question 18

S4 is caused by

Answer 18

decreased compliance of the ventricles, systolic overload, hypertension

Question 19

Systole (S1) sound and when

Answer 19

Lub, Before S2

Question 20

Diastole (S2) sound and when

Answer 20

Dub, before S1

Question 21

valves involved in diastole

Answer 21

pulmonic and aortic

Question 22

valves involved in systole

Answer 22

tricuspid and mitral

Question 23

Aortic auscultation

Answer 23

S2 is louder, end of systole

Question 24

Pulmonic auscultation

Answer 24

S2 is louder, end of systole

Question 25

Erb’s point auscultation

Answer 25

S1 and S2 are equal

Question 26

Tricuspid auscultation

Answer 26

S1 is louder, beginning of systole

Question 27

Mitral

Answer 27

S1 is louder, beginning of systole

Question 28

where is S1 heard best

Answer 28

Apex of heart

Question 29

where is S2 heard best

Answer 29

base of heart

Question 30

aortic pressure increases when what opens

Answer 30

semilunar valves

Question 31

ventricular pressure increases when what closes

Answer 31

AV valves