cardiovascular system Flashcards
what are the major functions of the CVS?
- gas transport to and from lungs and tissues
- nutrient transport to tissues
- waste, heat, hormone, immune cell transport
- homeostasis and buffer stabilization
what is the pericardium and what does it include?
- 2 layers of connective tissues around the heart with a cavity that is filled with fluid for smooth movement and coronary arteries to supply the heart
- parietal layer: reinforced to prevent oversizing
- visceral layer: attached to heart wall
what are the atria?
reservoirs that help receive blood and transfer to the ventricles
what are the ventricles?
chambers that propel blood into systemic and pulmonary circulation
what is the myocardium?
muscle tissue that provides strength to pump, divides heart into halves by septum
what is the endothelium?
inner membrane of heart chambers, prevents nutrient and gas exchange with cardiomyocytes
what are heart valves?
made of fibrous connect tissue, attached to a fibrous ring, allow for blood flow in one direction, opening and closing depends on blood pressure
what are arteries and what types are there?
- vessels that convey blood from heart to tissues and organs
- pulmonary arteries: send deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- aorta: brings oxygenated blood to the tissues
what are veins and what types are there?
- move blood from tissues and organs to heart, change in tone alters venous return
- vena cava: bring deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
- pulmonary veins: bring oxygentaed blood from lungs to left atrium
which vessels must be elastic?
arteries
what are small arteries?
arteries that deliver blood to arterioles in tissue, control BP via tone of vessel’s smooth muscle
what are capillaries?
site of gas and nutrient exchange, flow into venules
which side of the heart is stronger and why?
the left side bc it has a thicker wall and greater cardiac output in general bc it has to pump to the entire body
