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Med-Surg II > Cardiovascular/Sensory Exam 3 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular/Sensory Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient gets out of bed and feels “whoozy”, what should you do?

A

Have them sit back down and assess BP

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2
Q

What group of medications helps decrease cholesterol levels?

A

-“statins”

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3
Q

A patient with PVD had an angioplasty done. What is a possible complication?

A

Bleeding

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4
Q

What diagnosis would lead the nurse to warn the patient about OTC decongestants?

A

HTN

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5
Q

Would you recommend a patient with heart failure to receive the flu shot?

A

Yes - they are more at risk for infection than a healthy person

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6
Q

What is nitroglycerin and what is it used for?

A

Vasodilator used to treat and prevent chest pain (angina)

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7
Q

If a patient is on IV Nitroglycerin and also prescribed a diuretic, what should you monitor?

A

Blood pressure - hypotension

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8
Q

What is the priority action with a patient with acute heart failure?

A

Assess breathing/airway

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9
Q

A patient has mitral valve stenosis. What would you watch for that would indicate worsening symptoms?

A

Backflow into the lungs, crackles, SOB, dyspnea

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10
Q

A patient that just had a valve replacement asks the nurse why he is on anticoagulants for life. As the nurse, what do you say?

A

The valve is synthetic and provides a “sticky” place for platelets to aggregate. The anticoagulants will help decrease the aggregation of these platelets.

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11
Q

A patient was just discharged after having a heart transplant. They were given immunosuppresants. What does the nurse need to educate the patient about this type of medication?

A

Reduces your immune system so they are at a higher risk for infection

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12
Q

What is the best position to place a patient who has severe heart failure?

A

High-Fowler’s with pillows under the arms

Similar to COPD

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13
Q

Why does a patient develop atherosclerosis?

A

Poor diet
Hereditary
Platelets and fat accumulation

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14
Q

A heavy smoker was prescribed a nicotine patch. What should the nurse educate the patient about?

A

Stop smoking while using the patch. It could increase your chance of heart attack if you don’t.

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15
Q

What should someone stick to if they were told to be on a low cholesterol diet?

A 
Fruits and vegetables
Low fat
Low sodium
Limit red meat
Limit animal products
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16
Q

A patient with HTN is being discharged. As the nurse, what is something that you should tell the patient for home management?

A

Avoid foods high in sodium - like canned foods

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17
Q

How would you assess a patient’s understanding of hypertension management?

A 
Have them teach it back to you.
Demonstrate
Talk about diet change
Medications - continue taking them even if you feel better
Monitor own BP
Exercise
Quit smoking
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18
Q

What is arterial revascularization and what could it mean if the patient is still experiencing pain like he was before the procedure?

A

Reconstruction of the artery

Blood clot; monitor pulses
Look at color and feel temperature of skin
No pulse = CALL SURGEON
Do NOT have them elevate the legs

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19
Q

A patient’s BP is 134/88. What do you explain to the patient?

A

It is slightly high but could be regulated with slight lifestyle changes such as reducing caffeine and nicotine intake

20
Q

A patient had a heart catheter placed in the left femoral artery. When assessing the left pedal pulse, you find that it is weak. What should you do?

A

Assess further - assess for edema, pallor, cyanosis, temperature
Call provider with findings

21
Q

A patient has a heart rate of 50 but feels fine. He is asymptomatic. What should you do?

A

Educate him about straining - can lower HR during BM

22
Q

You are working in an outpatient clinic with a patient. What indications during your assessment would lead you to believe they have left sided heart failure/

A

Wheezes/crackles upon auscultation
Dyspnea or difficulty breathing
Weakness
Fatigue

23
Q

What are some things you would monitor in a patient with right sided heart failure?

A

JVD
Edema
Nocturia
Obtain daily weights - monitors loss and gain of fluids

24
Q

A patient with heart failure was prescribed Catopril. What could be a potential problem that the patient should be educated about?

A

Medication is an ACE inhibitor that has a first pass effect that can cause hypotension. You should monitor BP and ask for help when standing up.

25
Q

Inside a rehab facility, you are working with a patient with heart failure. What would indicate that the patient has reached the limit of activity tolerance?

A

Decreased BP - BP should increase during exercise so a decrease would be abnormal

26
Q

What would indicate that a patient with heart failure developed pulmonary edema?

A

Confusion/change in mental status

27
Q

A nurse is obtaining the admission hx of a young adult patient with fever, murmur, and dyspnea. What could the patient have?

A

Bacterial endocarditis - could be caused by a systemic infection from within the last month

28
Q

A nurse is educating people about atherosclerosis at a health fair. What are some things she could share?

A

Eat healthier/diet change
Exercise
Patients with diabetes should quit smoking! Highest priority

29
Q

A patient with hyperlipidemia is unresponsive to dietary restrictions and exercise. What could the nurse explain to the patient?

A

It could be genetic

30
Q

A patient was prescribed simvastatin. What should the nurse tell the patient about this medication?

A

Could cause muscle pain or tenderness

31
Q

A patient has a venous ulcer on the left ankle. What else would the nurse be observing for?

A

Brownish discoloration of the skin

32
Q

A patient has chronic PAD with claudication. The patient is now experiencing pain at rest. What does this indicate?

A

The disease has progressed

33
Q

A patient just had an embolectomy. What is something that the nurse would monitor for?

A

Compartment’s syndrome

Look for swelling, tenderness, tension at surgical site

34
Q

A patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is now complaining of lower back pain that radiates to her groin. What could this indicate?

A

The aneurysm is getting bigger and has an increased chance of rupturing

35
Q

What are some things a patient with Reynaud’s can do to help?

A

Wear warm clothing

Vasodilator medications

36
Q

A patient in the hospital is receiving IV heparin but is normally prescribed warfarin. The patient asks why he has to take both. As the nurse, what do you explain to the patient?

A

Warfarin takes longer to reach therapeutic levels

37
Q

You are assessing an African American patient with PAD. How do you monitor?

A

Look at nail beds and capillary refill

Loss of hair on lower extremities could be an indication also

38
Q

How do you know a patient is experiencing an MI, not angina?

A

If neither nitroglycerin or rest work to relieve it, then it is MI

39
Q

An older patient is taking a diuretic to manage their HTN. What are some things you could tell the patient?

A 
Take medication in AM
Stand up slowly
Fluid restriction
Low sodium diet
Eat potassium rich foods
40
Q

Normal Levels of Cholesterol

A

Less than 200 mg/dL

41
Q

Normal Levels of Triglycerides

A

Males: 40-160
Females: 35-135
Older Adults (65+): 55-220

42
Q

Normal Levels of HDL

A

Females: 35-80
Males: 35-65

43
Q

Normal Levels of LDL

A

Less than 130 mg/dL

44
Q

A patient on heparin is experiencing excessive bleeding. What are some interventions?

A

Draw labs - aPTT

Administer antidote = Protamine

45
Q

A patient just had peripheral bypass graft surgery in the lower left leg. What are things you should monitor for?

A

Excessive bleeding - call provider
Cap refill should be >3 seconds
Cyanosis or mottling?

*Not a complication if pain goes away when IV pain meds are administered

Med-Surg II (2 decks)

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