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Cardiovascular Physiology > Cardiovascular Reflexes > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Baroreceptors located?

A

Carotid Sinus!!!!

And minimally in aortic arch.

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2
Q

With decreased arterial pressure, is there decreased or increased baroreceptor firing?
Increased arterial blood pressure?

A

Decreased blood pressure=decreased baroreceptor firing.

Increased blood pressure=increased baroreceptor firing.

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3
Q

What is activated when there is decrease baroreceptor firing?

A

Increase Sympathetic innervation to increase Cardiac Output and SVR.
And decreased parasympathetic firing.

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4
Q

What change do baroreceptors sense?

A

Changes in blood pressure in the carotid sinus.

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5
Q

Does the baroreceptor reflex have more effect on rapidly changing BP or long term BP changes?

A

Rapidly changing pressure. especially postural changes in BP.

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6
Q

What is the Bainbridge Reflex?

A

Infusion of volume causes an increase in heart rate due to activation of atrial stretch receptors which causes medullary center activation of sympathetic output to the SA node.

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7
Q

How does degree and direction of HR change depend on prevailing HR?

A

Slow baseline HR will see increased HR with infusion.

High baseline HR will see decreased HR with infusion.

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8
Q

Which nerve innervates Carotid sinus?

A

CN-IX

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9
Q

What do atrial stretch receptors sense changes in?

A

Changes in volume.

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10
Q

Location of stretch receptors?

A

Vena Cava/right atrial junction.

Pulmonary vein/left atrial junction.

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11
Q

Stretch receptor activation causes three other related results, What are they?

A

Decreased sympathetic activity to kidneys.
Decrease vasopressin, Increased atrial natriuretic peptide.
(all of these are trying to get rid of blood via increased urine output.)

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12
Q

What is the other name of Bezold-Jarisch Reflex?

A

Ventricular Receptor Reflex.

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13
Q

What does this reflex play a role in?

A

Blood pressure regulation.

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14
Q

Describe the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex:

A

Strong contraction of an underfilled ventricle elicits the reflex.

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15
Q

What is best way to limit the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex with spinal anesthesia?

A

Give preload prior to spinal anesthetic.

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16
Q

The Bezold-Jarisch Reflex is probably involved in what?

A

Bradycardia and hypotension during coronary reperfursion,
Bradycardia and hypotension with myocardial ischemia/infarction, Bradycardia with profound hypovolemia, Syncope in severe aortic stenosis.

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17
Q

What are the “big three” symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

CHF, Angina, Syncope.

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18
Q

2 Take aways from Bezold Jarisch Reflex:

A
  1. Give epi if severely hypotensive/bradycardic

2. Give preload prior to spinal anesthesia.

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19
Q

Where are peripheral Chemoreceptors located?

A

Aortic and Carotid bodies.

20
Q

Hypoxemia/hypercarbia result in excitation of vasomotor center which causes what?

A

Increase in SVR»>Increase in MAP.

21
Q

Peripheral Chemoreceptor involvement in BP is not stimulated strongly until what arterial pressure is reached?

A

Until arterial pressure falls below 80mmHg.

22
Q

How is CNS ischemic response mediated?

A

Result of decrease blood flow to vasomotor center in medulla.

23
Q

What is the result of the CNS ischemic response reflex?

A

Increase in BP, Contractility, and HR.

24
Q

What is an example of CNS Ischemic Response?

A

Patient shocked out of ill-perfusing rhythm, they will typically have sever hypertension following even if drugs were not given.

25
Q

What is Cushing Response a result of?

A

Increased intracranial pressure.

26
Q

What will you typically see with Cushing triad?

A

Increased ICP, Hypertension, Bradycardia, irregular breathing.

27
Q

Which happens first, increased MAP or decreased HR in Cushing Response?

A

Increase MAP from CNS Ischemic response, which then causes baroreceptor reflex which causes decrease in HR.

28
Q

Where are Diving reflex receptors located?

A

Facial thermoreceptors.

29
Q

What two things do the diving reflex have on the body?

A

Decrease HR and Increased peripheral vasoconstriction.

30
Q

What stimulus causes Atrial stretch reflex?

A

Increased Blood volume.

31
Q

What is the response to increased blood volume via atrial stretch reflex?

A

Makes you pee to decrease blood volume.

32
Q

What stimulus causes Bezold-Jarisch Reflex?

A

Strong contraction of an empty ventricle

33
Q

Where are receptors located for Bezold-Jarisch Reflex?

A

Ventricles.

34
Q

What stimulus causes the CNS Ischemic response?

A

Decreased MAP (blood flow to medulla).

35
Q

Where are the baroreceptors located?

A

Carotid sinus.

36
Q

What stimulates baroreceptors?

A

Decreased MAP.

37
Q

What is the response elicited from Diving reflex?

A

Decreased HR and vasoconstriction.

38
Q

What stimulates Cushing Response?

A

Increased ICP.

39
Q

What Stimulates Diving Reflex?

A

Cold water to face

40
Q

Where are Diving reflex receptors located?

A

Facial thermoreceptors.

41
Q

What stimulates the Bainbridge reflex?

A

Increased blood volume.

42
Q

What is the response elicited from the Bainbridge reflex?

A

Increased HR.

43
Q

Where are Bainbridge receptors located?

A

Atrial/venous junction.

44
Q

What stimulates Peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

Decreased MAP.

45
Q

What response is elicited from peripheral chemoreceptor reflex?

A

Increased MAP.

46
Q

Where are peripheral receptors located?

A

Aortic and Carotid bodies.

Cardiovascular Physiology (7 decks)

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