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PTU > Cardiovascular: Random > Flashcards

Cardiovascular: Random Flashcards

1
Q

niacin: SE

A

flushing (IR)
liver toxicity (ER, long-acting)

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2
Q

niacin: forms

A

immediate-release
extended-release
long-acting
no-flush (doesn’t work as well)

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3
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

high cholesterol

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4
Q

TG

A

triglycerides

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5
Q

statins: SE

A

myopathy
elevated liver enzymes

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6
Q

myopathy

A

diffused muscle pain / weakness

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7
Q

Pravachol / pravastatin: DI

A

Biaxin
cyclosporine
fibrates

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8
Q

Mevacor / lovastatin: DI

A

Biaxin
Sporanox

limit grapefruit

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9
Q

Zocor / simvastatin: DI

A

Biaxin
Sporanox
cyclosporine
fibrates
digoxin

limit grapefruit

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10
Q

Crestor / rosuvastatin: DI

A

gemfibrozil
cyclosporine
anticoagulants

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11
Q

Lipitor / atorvastatin: DI

A

Biaxin
Sporanox
cyclosporine
fibrates
digoxin

limit grapefruit

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12
Q

Statins with most interactions

A

lovastatin
simvastatin
(atorvastatin)

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13
Q

Statins with fewest interactions

A

pravastatin
rosuvastatin

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14
Q

bile acid sequestrants: forms

A

powder
(Welchol/colesevelam also tablet)

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15
Q

bile acid sequestrants: mech

A

insoluble, nonabsorbable resins that bind up bile acids in the gut to reduce cholesterol

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16
Q

bile acid sequestrants: SE

A

lot of stomach upset, gas, constipation

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17
Q

bile acid sequestrants: DI

A

separate from all other meds by 4 hrs (binding)

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18
Q

fibrates: mech

A

inhibit cholesterol synthesis
(to lower cholesterol)

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19
Q

CK / CPK

A

creatine kinease
blood test measuring muscle breakdown

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20
Q

increases myopathy risk

A

combining fibrate with statin

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21
Q

fibrates: SE

A

myopathy
liver toxicity

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22
Q

statins: full class name

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

23
Q

statins: mech

A

inhibit enzymes that produce cholesterol

24
Q

niacin (commonly known as)

A

vitamin B3

25
Q

fish oil: DI

A

blood thinners
(warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel)
[only with high doses of fish oil]

26
Q

fish oil: mech

A

reduce TG

27
Q

PCSK9 inhibitor: def

A

biologic injectable for high cholesterol

28
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors: storage

A

refrigerate
store in original packaging
bring to room temp 30-40 min prior to inj

29
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors: freq

A

inject 1-2 times per month

30
Q

Blood pressure: top number

A

systolic blood pressure
pressure when heart is beating

31
Q

Blood pressure: bottom number

A

diastolic blood pressure
pressure when heart is at rest

32
Q

diuretic: mech

A

water pills
remove excess fluid and salt to lower blood pressure (antihypertensive)

33
Q

thiazide diuretics: DI

A

sulfa allergies (similar structure)

34
Q

thiazide diuretics: SE

A

dizziness
photosensitivity

35
Q

diuretics: lab tests

A

BUN
SCr
electrolytes

36
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen
(kidney function)

37
Q

SCr

A

serum creatinine
(kidney function)

38
Q

loop diuretics: SE

A

dizziness
photosensitivity
excessive urination
low potassium

39
Q

loop diuretics: DI

A

sulfa allergies (similar structure)

40
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics: DI

A

potassium supplements

41
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics: SE

A

hyperkalemia

42
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high potassium

43
Q

HCTZ

A

hydrochlorothiazide

44
Q

diuretics in IV form

A

Lasix / furosemide
Bumex / bumetanide

45
Q

beta-blockers: mech

A

block action of beta receptors in heart and blood vessels
(heart rate slows, blood vessels dilate, blood pressure lowers)

46
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

47
Q

beta-blockers: SE

A

dizziness
drowsiness
slow heart rate/bradycardia
worsening asthma

48
Q

beta-blocker precaution

A

taper off slowly to prevent reflex tachycardia

49
Q

calcium channel blockers: DI

A

grapefruit
digoxin
erythromycin
clarithromycin

50
Q

calcium channel blockers: precaution

A

each drug may come in many different forms

51
Q

calcium channel blockers: SE

A

dizziness
bradycardia
flushing
edema
headache

52
Q

CCB

A

calcium channel blocker

53
Q

edema

A

swelling

PTU (24 decks)

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