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PSIO 202 > Cardiovascular Practical > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Practical Flashcards

1
Q

the two components of blood

A

plasma and formed elements

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2
Q

RBCs are also called

A

erythrocytes

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3
Q

WBCs are also called

A

leukocytes

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4
Q

platelets are known as

A

thrombocytes

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5
Q

formed elements make up about ____% of blood volume

A

45%

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6
Q

plasma makes up about _____% of blood volume

A

55%

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7
Q

plasma minus the clotting proteins

A

serum

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8
Q

large molecule used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

A

hemoglobin

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9
Q

abnormally high number of RBCs

A

polycethemia

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10
Q

unusually low number of RBCs

A

anemia

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11
Q

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

A

granular leukocytes

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12
Q

lymphocytes and monocytes

A

agranular leukocytes

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13
Q

phagocytes that engulf and kill bacteria

A

neutrophils

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14
Q

neutralize the effect of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, and destroy parasitic worms

A

eosinophils

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15
Q

release histamine, heparin, and serotonin during allergic reactions

A

basophils

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16
Q

involved in immune response and include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells

A

lymphocytes

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17
Q

develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies that attack bacteria

A

B cells

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18
Q

attack virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue cells

A

T cells

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19
Q

attack a wide variety of microbes

A

Natural killer cells

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20
Q

transform into macrophages that are the man phagocytic cells

A

Monocytes

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21
Q

abnormally high number of WBCs

A

leukocytosis

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22
Q

decrease in the number of WBCs

A

leukopenia

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23
Q

platelets are formed in red bone marrow from large, multinuclear cells called

A

megakaryocytes

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24
Q

a deficiency in the number of circulating platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

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25
Q

most numerous WBC

A

neutrophil

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26
Q

second most numerous WBC

A

lymphocyte

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27
Q

largest WBC

A

monocyte

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28
Q

performed to determine the percentage of each of the five types of WBCs in a blood sample

A

differential WBC count

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29
Q

determines the volume of RBCs described as the percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample

A

Hematocrit

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30
Q

protein that carries oxygen in the RBCs

A

Hemoglobin

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31
Q

process of blood clotting

A

coagulation

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32
Q

blood typing is based on the _____ molecules that are on the surface of RBC membranes

A

antigenic

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33
Q

plasma proteins that combine with a specific antigen to inhibit or destroy it

A

antibodies

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34
Q

a substance that is able to produce an immune response and will react with a specific antibody

A

antigen

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35
Q

agglutinate

A

clump

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36
Q

When an Rh- mother is carrying an Rh+ child, this is known as

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

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37
Q

antisera

A

antiserum

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38
Q

upper chamber

A

atrium

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39
Q

lower chamber

A

ventricle

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40
Q

pouch-like extensions of atria

A

auricles

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41
Q

grooves that externally mark the boundaries between the four heart chambers

A

sulci

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42
Q

deep sulcus that externally shows the separation of the atria and the ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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43
Q

shallow grooves that depict the surface boundaries between the two ventricles

A

anterior & posterior interventricular sulcus

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44
Q

returns blood from the head, neck and arms

A

superior vena cava

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45
Q

returns blood from the body inferior to the heart

A

inferior vena cava

46
Q

smaller vein that returns blood from coronary circulation

A

coronary sinus

47
Q

only vessel that removes blood from the right ventricle

A

pulmonary trunk

48
Q

the pulmonary trunk divides into the

A

right and left pulmonary arteries

49
Q

O2 rich blood returns to the left atrium through the

A

right & left pulmonary veins

50
Q

the left ventricle pumps blood into the

A

aorta

51
Q

the fetal heart contains a short, temporary vascular channel, the ________

A

ductus arteriosus

52
Q

after birth, the ductus arteriosus becomes the

A

ligamentum arteriosum

53
Q

myocardial ridges

A

pectinate muscles

54
Q

separates the walls of the right and left atria

A

interatrial septum

55
Q

in fetus, the hole in the interatrial septum is called:

A

foramen ovale

56
Q

the connective tissue membrane that forms over the foramen ovale after birth

A

fossa ovalis

57
Q

ridges of muscles in ventricles

A

trabeculae carnae

58
Q

finger-like projections

A

papillary muscles

59
Q

heartstrings

A

chordae tendinae

60
Q

right atrioventricular valve

A

tricuspid valve

61
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

bicuspid valve

62
Q

takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

A

pulmonary circulation

63
Q

takes blood from the left ventricle to body tissues and back to the right atrium

A

systemic circulation

64
Q

the walls of the heart have their own supply and circulation, the ______ circulation

A

coronary

65
Q

attaches to the diaphragm and great vessels of the heart, secures the heart in the mediastinum

A

fibrous pericardium

66
Q

double membrane composed of an outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer

A

serous pericardium

67
Q

enable action potentials to spread quickly from cell to cell

A

gap junctions

68
Q

the internal stimulation that makes the heart beat by itself

A

intrinsic stimulation

69
Q

intrinsic stimulation is caused by specialized, noncontractile cells called

A

autorhythmic cells

70
Q

the pacemaker

A

sinoatrial node

71
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

72
Q

QRS Complex

A

ventricular depolarization

73
Q

P-Q Interval

A

represents time it takes for electrical conduction to travel through the atria and AV node to the Purkinje fibers

74
Q

S-T segment

A

segment from the end of the S to the beginning of the T wave

75
Q

Q-T Interval

A

beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization

76
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

77
Q

a heart rate above 100beats/min

A

tachycardia

78
Q

a heart rate below 60beats/min

A

bradycardia

79
Q

prolonged tachycardia can develop into

A

ventricular fibrillation

80
Q

listening to body sounds

A

auscultation

81
Q

closure of the two AV valves at systole

A

lubb

82
Q

ventricular diastole when semilunar valves close

A

dubb

83
Q

arteries divide into smaller vessels called

A

arterioles

84
Q

arterioles branch into the tiniest vessels called

A

capillaries

85
Q

capillaries join to form

A

venules

86
Q

venules merge to form

A

veins

87
Q

arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to body tissues

A

systemic circulation

88
Q

arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

89
Q

composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers

A

tunica externa

90
Q

middle and thickest layer, contains elastic fibers and smooth muscle layers

A

tunica media

91
Q

contraction of smooth muscle fibers causes a decrease in lumen diameter

A

vasoconstriction

92
Q

relaxation of smooth muscle fibers causes an increase in lumen diameter

A

vasodilation

93
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

tunica interna

94
Q

large-diameter arteries that have more elastic fibers in their tunica media

A

elastic arteries

95
Q

smaller in diameter and have more smooth muscle fibers and fewer elastic fibers in their tunica media

A

muscular arteries

96
Q

prevents the backflow of blood

A

valves

97
Q

fusion of plasma membranes of adjacent cells

A

tight junctions

98
Q

spaces between cells

A

intercellular clefts

99
Q

pores in plasma membrane covered by diaphragm

A

fenestrations

100
Q

molecules can be transported across capillary walls by vesicles, a process called

A

transcytosis

101
Q

pressure exerted by blood against blood vessel walls

A

blood pressure

102
Q

difference in blood pressure between two areas of circulatory system

A

blood pressure gradient

103
Q

contraction

A

systole

104
Q

relaxation

A

diastole

105
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

measures arterial blood pressure

106
Q

sound caused by turbulent flow of blood

A

Korotkoff sounds

107
Q

can be measured directly with a pressure transducer interted into venous vessel

A

Venous blood pressure

108
Q

difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

Pulse Pressure

109
Q

provide alternate routes or detours for blood flow in case the main route is blocked or damages

A

anastomoses

110
Q

longest vein in the body, running along the medial surface of the leg and thigh

A

great saphenous vein

PSIO 202 (1 decks)

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