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AU 15 - Human Phys > Cardiovascular Physiology - Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology - Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the blood?

A

Plasma and cells

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2
Q

What is blood plasma?

A 
Water
Ions
Nutrients
Hormones
Wastes
Proteins
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3
Q

What proteins are in blood plasma?

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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4
Q

What makes up blood serum?

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

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5
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percent of the blood’s volume that is comprised of RBCs

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6
Q

How many erythrocytes are in a mm3 of blood?

A

5,000,000

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7
Q

How many leukocytes are in a mm3 of blood?

A

7,000

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8
Q

What percent of leukocytes do Neutrophils make up?

A

50-70%

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9
Q

What percent of leukocytes do Eosinophils make up?

A

1-4%

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10
Q

What percent of leukocytes do Basophils make up?

A

0.1-0.3%

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11
Q

What percent of leukocytes do Monocytes make up?

A

2-8%

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12
Q

What percent of leukocytes do Lymphocytes make up?

A

20-40%

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13
Q

How many platelets are in a mm3 of blood?

A

250,000

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14
Q

Which cells in the blood are the only true cells with nuclei?

A

Leukocytes

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15
Q

Erythrocytes

A 
Biconcave disc shape
High surface-volume ratio
Better diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Contain large amounts of Hemoglobin
Binds oxygen via Fe atoms
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16
Q

Why are storage and recycling mechanisms of Fe highly developed in humans?

A

Because the availability of dietary iron can be a limiting factor in erythropoesis

17
Q

Ferritin

A

Serves as a storage budder for iron

18
Q

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

A

~120 days

1% of RBCs are replaced daily

19
Q

Bilirubin

A

Major breakdown product of hemoglobin

20
Q

What happens to iron released form destroyed RBCs?

A

Bound by transferrin, and delivered to the bone marrow

21
Q

How is erythropoiesis regulated?

A

Hormonally
Decreased oxygen delivered to the kidney causes the secretion of erythropoietin, which activates receptors in the bone marrow, leading to an increase in the rate of erythropoeisis

22
Q

What is a limiting factor for erythropoeisis?

A

The avaliability of dietary iron

23
Q

What things are important for RBC function

A

Iron
Folic acid
B12

24
Q

Why is folic acid important for RBCs?

A

It is needed for thymine

If someone is folic acid deficient, it can lead to impaired cell division

25
Q

Why is B12 important for RBCs?

A

Required for action of folic acid

B12 absorption requires an intrinsic factor, and if there is no intrinsic factor, it can lead to pernicious anemia

26
Q

What are the major causes of anemia?

A

1) Dietary deficiencies of iron, B12, or folic acid
2) Bone marrow failure due to toxic drugs or cancer
3) Blood loss form the body (hemorrhage) leading to iron deficiency
4) Inadequate secretion of erythropoietin in kidney disease
5) Excessive destruction of erythrocytes (ie sickle-cell anomia)

27
Q

What is anemia?

A

Decrease in the ability of the blood to carry oxygen due to:

  • decrease in the total number of erythrocytes
  • diminished concentration of hemoglobin
  • a combination of the both of those
28
Q

In what people(s) does anemia manifest in?

A

People who are homozygous for the mutated gene

29
Q

Colony-stimulating factor stimulate progenitor cells leading to what?

A

Granulocytes and monocytes

30
Q

Interleukins stimulate progenitor cells leading to what?

A

Various leukocytes

31
Q

Thrombopoeitin stimulates progenitor cells leading to what?

A

Platelets

32
Q

Stem cell factor stimulates progenitor cells leading to what?

A

Many types of blood cells

33
Q

What is hematostasis?

A

The stoppage of bleeding

34
Q

What are the 2 process that accomplish hemostasis?

A

Formation of a platelet plug
Blood coagulation (clotting)
These occur in rapid succession, and platelets are critical to both

AU 15 - Human Phys (7 decks)

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