Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 1

Systole

Answer 1

contraction phase of cardiac cycle

emptying

Question 2

Diastole

Answer 2

relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

filling

Question 3

Heart Rate

Answer 3

BPM

rate of heart

Question 4

Venous Return

Answer 4

volume of blood returned to atrium

Question 5

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 5

volume leaving heart per beat (ml)

amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat

Question 6

Cardiac Output (CO or Q(flow))

Answer 6

volume leaving heart per minute (L/min)

Amount of blood pumped/minutes

Question 7

Systolic Pressure

Answer 7

highest arterial pressure

pressure in artery when blood is ejected from ventricle

Question 8

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 8

lowest arterial pressure

lowest pressure- no blood being ejected

Question 9

Pulse Pressure

Answer 9

difference between systolic and diastolic

magnitude reflects volume ejected from left ventricle per beat

Question 10

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Answer 10

volume in ventricle after diastole when filling is complete

Question 11

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

Answer 11

volume in ventricle after systole when emptying is complete

Question 12

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

Answer 12

pressure in the great veins (very small)

Question 13

P Wave

Answer 13

originates in SA Node depolarizing through atria to AV Node

generated by activation of muscle of both atria

Question 14

Internodal Pathway

Answer 14

Extends from SA Node to AV Node

Question 15

Interatrial Pathway

Answer 15

between left and right atra

Question 16

PR Interval

Answer 16

Include P wave and the PR segment

depolarizing of right and left atria

Question 17

PR Segment

Answer 17

Area from end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex

flat portion is AV node conduction

Question 18

Q Wave

Answer 18

interventricular septum depolarizes form left to right

Question 19

R Wave

Answer 19

ventricular walls depolarized
large mass so large deflection
contract from apex to base

Question 20

S Wave

Answer 20

few small areas of ventricles are activated at later stage

Question 21

T Wave

Answer 21

ventricular muscle depolarizes
longer duration because repolarization isn’t a synchronized propagated wave
timing depends on properties of individual cells

Question 22

QT Interval

Answer 22

time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization

total time of ventricular activation

Question 23

ST Segment

Answer 23

End of S wave to start of T wave
flat because ventricular muscle is depolarized
correlates with Ca2+ influx of action potential
ventricles are contracting and emptying

Question 24

U Wave

Answer 24

rarely seen in normal condition
could be slow repolarization of muscles
after T wave