Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
Label!
The S3 sound is created by what?
Rapid ventricular filling
What is a potential cause of a split S2 sound?
pulmonary hypertension
What does the loss of a dicrotic notch mean?
Potentially hypovolemia? There isn’t a rebound effect, and so if it isn’t a dampening problem, it could be a filling problem.
Describe how the Wigger’s diagram would change in aortic stenosis?
Increase in LV pressure peak during ejection phase, decreased aortic pressure in ejection phase, increased ventricular volume during ejection phase.
Describe how the Wigger’s diagram would change in mitral regurgitation (in heart failure)?
Baseline of LV pressure increases, baseline left atrial pressure increases, increased left ventricular volume in isovolemic contraction phase (EDV), and increased left ventricular volume in end isovolemic relaxation phase (ESV).
Describe how the Wigger’s diagram would change in DCM?
Absent dicrotic notch, increased LV EDV and ESV
Describe how the Wigger’s diagram would change in aortic insufficiency or L-R PDA?
Blunted or absent dicrotic notch, decreased aortic pressure throughout diastole/diastasis
Draw the Frank-Starling Curve, label the x and y axis, and the regions of suboptimal, ideal and excessive myocardial stretch
In what direction does the Frank-Starling curve shift when you increase inotropy and decrease afterload?
Up and left
In what direction does the Frank-Starling curve shift when you increase afterload and decrease inotropy?
Down and right
What are these two curves? What do they describe?
Frank-Starling Curve
Venous Return Curve (Systemic Vascular Function Curve)
Inverse relationship
“No flow plateau” - very low atrial pressure; SVR won’t do anything because VR requires flow
VRCurve based on vascular tone (compliance and stressed volume)
What is the intersecting point on a Cardiac Function and Venous Return Curve?
Equilibrium steady state (ideal)
Steady-state operating point
Label the following Pressure and Volume relationships
Label the LV Pressure-Volume Loop
Describe how a PV loop would change with an increase or decrease in preload.
Describe how a PV loop would change with a decrease in contractility.
Describe how a PV loop would change with an increase or decrease in afterload.
