Cardiovascular Pharmocology 11.01.24

Question 1

What are the mechanisms which need to be controlled to control BP

Answer 1

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

RAAS and sympathetic nervous system

Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mediators

Question 2

What type of drug is ramapril

Answer 2

ACE inhibitor

Question 3

What is ramapril used to treat?

Answer 3

Hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy

Question 4

What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 4

Hypotension
Acute renal failure (angiotensin II constricts the efferent arteriole creating a back pressure in the glomerulus)
Hyperkalaemia
Teratogenic effects in pregnancy
Cough —> last 3 due to increased kinins (ACE also converts bradykinin to inactive peptides)
Rash
Anaphylactoid reactions

Question 5

What is the common ending of the angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)?

Answer 5

-SARTAN (e.g. candesartan)

Question 6

What is the common ending for ACE inhibitor drugs?

Answer 6

-PRIL

Question 7

Give 5 examples of ARB drugs?

Answer 7

Candesartan
Valsartan
Telmisartan
Losartan
Irbesartan

Question 8

Main adverse effects of ARB drugs

Answer 8

Symptomatic hypotension
Hyperkalaemia
Potential renal dysfunction
Rash
Angio-oedema

Question 9

What receptor due angiotensin II bind to?

Answer 9

AT-1 receptor

Question 10

What are the 6 calcium channel blockers (CCB)?

Answer 10

Amlodopine
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
Felodipine
Lacidipine
Verapamil

Question 11

What is the common ending for CCB drugs?

Answer 11

-IPINE e.g. amlodipine

Question 12

Which blood vessels are mainly affected by CCB drugs ending in -ipine? And where do the other 2 CCB drugs affect?

Answer 12

Vascular smooth muscle, peripheral arterial vasodilators

Other 2 drugs affect the heart directly

Question 13

CCB drugs adverse effects?

Answer 13

Flushing
Headache
Oedema
Palpitations
Bradycardia
Atrioventricular block
Worsening of cardiac failure

Verapamil causes constipation

Question 14

What are the names of the 6 beta-adrenoceptor blockers (BB drugs)?

Answer 14

Bisoproplol
Carvedilol
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol

Question 15

What is the common ending of BB drugs names?

Answer 15

-olol e.g. bisoproplol

Question 16

What are main adverse effects of BB drugs

Answer 16

Fatigue
Headache
Sleep disturbance
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Cold peripheries
Erectile dysfunction
Worsening of asthma or COPD, PVD - claudicaton or Raynauds, heart failure

Question 17

What are the 4 classes of durietics

Answer 17

1. Thiazides and related drugs (distal tubes)
2. Loop diuretics (loop of Henle)
3. Potassium-sparing diuretics
4. Aldosterone antagonist

Question 18

What are 3 thymidine and related diuretics

Answer 18

Bendroflumethiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone

Question 19

What are 3 loop diuretics

Answer 19

Furosemide
Bumetanide

Question 20

What are 4 potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 20

Spironolactone
Eplerenome
Amiloride
Triamterine

Question 21

Main adverse effects of diuretics

Answer 21

Hypovolemia (mainly loop diuretics)
Hypotension
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatremia
Hypomagnesaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Raised uric acid (hyperurricaemia - gout)
Erectile dysfunction (mainly thiazides)