Cardiovascular Peri disease and aneurysms

Question 1

Myocarditis

Answer 1

inflammatory disease of myocardium

ranges from mild to lethal

Question 2

what does myocarditis cause?

Answer 2

inflammation with degeneration and necrosis of cardiac myocytes
conductions disruption

Question 3

what causes myocarditis

Answer 3

coxasckie virus A and B

Question 4

what is pericarditis

Answer 4

inflammation of pericardium, and fluid accumulates in the pericardial space.

Question 5

what is a pericardial effusion?

Answer 5

fluid in the pericardial space that surrounds the heart

Question 6

what causes cardiac tamponade?

Answer 6

fluid amounts 200ml or greater that accumulates in the pericardial space that compresses the heart

Question 7

what is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 7

the heart chambers are restricted by surrounding pericardial fluids and cannot stretch and fill with blood

Question 8

signs of acute pericarditis

Answer 8

sharp chest pain that gets worse with breathing
fever
dyspnea
pericardial friction rub (scratching sound)
ST elevations
Beck triad
pulsus paradoxus

Question 9

What is the Beck Triad

Answer 9

symptoms of cardiac tamponade
hypotension
jugular vein distention
muffled heart sounds

Question 10

What is pulsus paradoxus

Answer 10

decrease in systolic blood pressure by 10mm Hg or more WITH INSPIRATION

Question 11

treatment of pericarditis

Answer 11

NSAIDS
ASA
corticosteroids
COLCHICINE

Question 12

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 12

a weakening in the wall of an artery caused by HTN that develops a bulge

Question 13

aneurysms cause what type of blood flow? and are susceptible to what?

Answer 13

turbulent; rupture

Question 14

what may be heard over an aneurysm?

Answer 14

bruits

Question 15

what are the most common areas of aneurysm?

Answer 15

aorta and cerebral arteries

Question 16

What are the common types of aneurysms?

Answer 16

AAA
Thoracic aortic
cerebral
variations: dissecting aortic aneurysm, false (pseudo) aneurysms
saccular, fusiform, berry

Question 17

saccular aneurysm

Answer 17

balloon shaped
UNILATERAL
wide neck

Question 18

fusiform aneurysm

Answer 18

goes all the way around the vessel
gradual dilation
potentially extensive involvement

Question 19

berry aneurysms

Answer 19

subtype of saccular
small neck
located at bifurcation

Question 20

common location of berry aneurysms?

Answer 20

circle of willis

Question 21

what are false (psuedo) aneurysms?

Answer 21

localized dissection or tear in inner artery WALL

type of hematoma

Question 22

what is a false aneurysm a complication of?

Answer 22

vascular interventional procedures

Question 23

what assessment finding suggests the presence of an aneurysm in the abdomen?

Answer 23

a bruits over the abdominal aorta

Question 24

if a pulsatile mass is evident in the abdomen during inspection or light palpation, what should not be done until the possibility of a AAA is ruled out?

Answer 24

deep palpation

Question 25

dissection

Answer 25

layers of the wall of the artery are separated and blood enters the region

Question 26

aortic dissection

Answer 26

severe sudden tearing pain
early: BP elevated
late: BP unobtainable, syncope, hemiplegia, paralysis lower extremities
cardiovascular collapse, shock, death

Question 27

emergency pharmacology for aortic dissection

Answer 27

beta blockers
nitrates
surgical emergency-minutes count