Cardiovascular Outcomes - Part 2

Question 1

Rating Perceived Exertion

Answer 1

Borg and mBorg.
Perception of dyspnea, muscle fatigue and chest pain.
Can estimate HR: Borg scale 12: 12x10=120bpm.

Question 2

Body Composition

Answer 2

DEXA scan gold standard.
BMI: kg/(cm2) indicator of a persons total body fat. Used to screen risks for obesity/overweight.
25.0-29.9: overweight
30+: Obese

Question 3

Gait Speed Test

Answer 3

Can predict mortality, hospitalization, cognitive decline and ADL disability.
8m total, 4m measured. Comfortable speed. Can use walking aid.
Calculate m/s: 4m/5sec=0,8m/s.

Question 4

Timed Up and Go (TUG)

Answer 4

Assesses basic mobility skill, strength, balance and agility, coordination and fall risk. Can use walking aid.
Time taken to rise up from armchair, walk 3m, turn, walk back and sit down.
Completely independent <10s.
Independent for main transfers <20s.
Requires assistance >30s.

Question 5

Handgrip test

Answer 5

Handgrip dynamometer. For grip strength. Association with CVD and mortality.

Question 6

Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)

Answer 6

Evaluates lower extremity functioning.
1. Balance test
- Side to side: ≥10 sec 1 pt.
- Semi tandem: ≥10 sec 1pt.
- Tandem:b10 sec 2pt., ≥3s 1pt.
2. Gait Speed Test: timed 4 m at normal pace.
<4,82s: 4pt. 4,82-6,20s: 3pt. 6,21-8,70s: 2pt. >8,7s: 1pt. Unable: 0pt.
3. Chair Stand Test: Timed 5x stand up from chair to upright as fast as possible without use of hands.
≤11,19s: 4pt. 11,20-13,69s: 3pt. 13,70-16,69: 2pt. >16,7: 1pt. Unable 0pt.

Question 7

SPPB - Scoring and Associations

Answer 7

Sarcopenia: 3-9pt. possible sarcopenia but no mobility disability. ≤2 pt. sarcopenia.
Frailty: 0-6pt. Pre-frailty: 7-9pt.
≥10pt. no sarcopenia and no frailty.
Test sssociated w/falls, dyspnea, CVD and death.

Question 8

Shuttle Walk Test

Answer 8

10m total, speed ↑0,17m/s every minute. Audio signals indicate change in direction (single) and increase in level (triple).

Question 9

Step Test

Answer 9

Assessing aerobic fitness. Step up and down a 30cm step platter for 3min. 1 step per sec, cycle 4sec. Sit patient down and measure HR in the 1st minute after the test.

Question 10

Step Test - VO2max Estimation

Answer 10

(-0,2805xPost test HR at 60s)+76,710
For healthy participants!

Question 11

MRC Scale

Answer 11

Muscle strength scale.
Grade 0-5.
Shoulder abductors
Elbow flexors
Wrist extensors
Hip flexors
Knee extensors
Ankle dorsiflexors
Score 0-60 (both sides)
<48 = muscular weakness