Cardiovascular Meds Flashcards
atenolol (Tenormin) BB PO
Reduced myocardial oxygen consumption–blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation, decreases cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption, reduces renin secretion: Reduced heart rate, slowed conduction of electrical impulses
Balance myocardial oxygen needs (demands)
Amount of oxygen available (supply)
Used for: HTN, angina, migraine prophylaxisbronchoconstriction
not a selective drug
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, HF
metoprolol (Lopressor) BB PO
Reduced myocardial oxygen consumption–blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation, decreases cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption, reduces renin secretion: Reduced heart rate, slowed conduction of electrical impulses
Balance myocardial oxygen needs (demands)
Amount of oxygen available (supply)
Used for: HTN, angina, migraine prophylaxis
bronchoconstriction
not a selective drug
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, HF
carvedilol (Coreg) BB PO
Reduced myocardial oxygen consumption–blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation, decreases cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption, reduces renin secretion: Reduced heart rate, slowed conduction of electrical impulses
Balance myocardial oxygen needs (demands)
Amount of oxygen available (supply)
Used for: HTN, angina, migraine prophylaxis
bronchoconstriction
not a selective drug
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, HF
diltiazem (Cardizem)
CCB PO. electrical conduction by inhibiting calcium ion influx: slows HR, decrease in strength of heart muscle contraction, decreases workload for heart; relaxes blood vessels–lower BP & increased coronary artery perfusion
Used to: Manage angina, HTN, atrial fib
HA, edema, arrhythmias, bradycardia, HF, acute hepatic injury
clopidogrel (Plavix)
-anti-platelet. PO-platelet aggregation
Used for: Clot prevention
Takes a few days to take effect; used for those allergic to ASA
ticlopidine (Ticlid)-
anti-platelet. PO-platelet aggregation
Used for: Clot prevention
Takes a few days to take effect; used for those allergic to ASA
enoxaparin (Lovenox)
-Low molecular weight haparin (LMWH) SQ consistent serum levels than with heparin, longer half-life; prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact
Higher cost offset by safety, lower bleeding complications and reduction of lab tests
clopidogrel (Plavix)
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PO platelet aggregation, attaches irreversibly to the platelet ATP receptor
Used to: reduce thrombolytic events for people with athrosclerosis after MI, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.
Hemorrhage
ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Platelet aggregation inhibitor. PO antiplatelet that probably blocks ATP platelet-to-fibrinogen and platelet-to- platelet binding.
Used to: inhibit platelet aggregation in those with stroke or with stroke precursors
Intracranial bleeding, diarrhea, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura
cilostazol (Pletal)
Platelet aggregation inhibitor. PO antiplatelet that probably blocks ATP platelet-to-fibrinogen and platelet-to- platelet binding.
Used to: inhibit platelet aggregation in those with stroke or with stroke precursors
Intracranial bleeding, diarrhea, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura
catopril (Capoten)
ACE Inhibitors,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Used for: HTN,
Inhibit ACE, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This action decreases peripheral arterial resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, reducing sodium and water retention and lowering BP. PO
AE:Dry, persistent, nonproductive cough
enalapril (Vasotec)
ACE Inhibitors,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Used for: HTN,
Inhibit ACE, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This action decreases peripheral arterial resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, reducing sodium and water retention and lowering BP. PO
AE:Dry, persistent, nonproductive cough
furosimide (Lasix)
Diuretic. Used for: edema, HTN, acute pulmonary edema
Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, therefore reducing fluid load
PO, IV AE:dizziness, HA, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
HCTZ
Hydrocloro-thiaxide
Diuretic. Used for: edema, HTN, acute pulmonary edema
Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, therefore reducing fluid load
PO, IV AE:dizziness, HA, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
low dose ASA (aspirin
Anti-platelet aggregation Reduces platelet
aggregation.
Used for: Prevent MI, stroke PO Increases bleeding time, bruising, nosebleeds
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Statin
HMG-CoA reducatse inhibitor Antilipid; an early step in cholesterol biosynthesis
Used to reduce risk of death from CV disease and CV events; to reduce total cholesterol, raise HDL
PO AE:Nausea, vomiting, asthenia, HA
simvastatin (Zocor)
Statin
HMG-CoA reducatse inhibitor Antilipid; an early step in cholesterol biosynthesis
Used to reduce risk of death from CV disease and CV events; to reduce total cholesterol, raise HDL
PO AE:Nausea, vomiting, asthenia, HA
warfarin (Coumadiin)
Anticoagulant. Reduces clot formation in vessels
Used for: Prevention of DVTs PO AE:Bleeding, bruising
NTG nitroglycerine
Nitrate. Vasodilation, increase blood flow through coronary vessels Used for: reduction of anginal pain SL
AE: HA, pt teaching (how to use) Orthostatic hypotension, flushing, palpitations, dizziness
Digoxin
Digitalis. Glycoside. positive inotropic effect. Promotes movement of calcium into the cells, strengthening cardiac contraction, slows conduction, thus slowing heart rate Used for: HF, supra ventricular tachycardia, artrial fibrillation and flutter
Old as dirt, but still used in some cases PO AE:Anorexia, nausea, agitation, fatigue, general muscle weakness, Narrow therapeutic index-monitor with dig levels
losartan (Cozzar)
ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers Inhibits vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting action of angiotensin II by blocking angiotensin II receptor on the surface of vascular smooth muscle and other tissue cells. Used for: HTN PO AE: Diarrhea, anemia, fatigue, asthenia (weakness), HA
Heparin
Anticoagulant. Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact. SQ Daily PTT
Periodically ck for occult blood in stools, platelet count, HCT
pentoxifyllin (Trental)
Anticoagulant. Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact. SQ Daily PTT
Periodically ck for occult blood in stools, platelet count, HCT
cilostazol (Pletal)
Anticoagulant. Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact. SQ Daily PTT
Periodically ck for occult blood in stools, platelet count, HCT
