Cardiovascular Meds

Question 1

atenolol (Tenormin) BB PO

Answer 1

Reduced myocardial oxygen consumption–blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation, decreases cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption, reduces renin secretion: Reduced heart rate, slowed conduction of electrical impulses
Balance myocardial oxygen needs (demands)
Amount of oxygen available (supply)
Used for: HTN, angina, migraine prophylaxisbronchoconstriction
not a selective drug
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, HF

Question 2

metoprolol (Lopressor) BB PO

Answer 2

Reduced myocardial oxygen consumption–blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation, decreases cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption, reduces renin secretion: Reduced heart rate, slowed conduction of electrical impulses
Balance myocardial oxygen needs (demands)
Amount of oxygen available (supply)
Used for: HTN, angina, migraine prophylaxis

bronchoconstriction
not a selective drug
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, HF

Question 3

carvedilol (Coreg) BB PO

Answer 3

Reduced myocardial oxygen consumption–blocks beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation, decreases cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption, reduces renin secretion: Reduced heart rate, slowed conduction of electrical impulses
Balance myocardial oxygen needs (demands)
Amount of oxygen available (supply)
Used for: HTN, angina, migraine prophylaxis

bronchoconstriction
not a selective drug
Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, HF

Question 4

diltiazem (Cardizem)

Answer 4

CCB PO. electrical conduction by inhibiting calcium ion influx: slows HR, decrease in strength of heart muscle contraction, decreases workload for heart; relaxes blood vessels–lower BP & increased coronary artery perfusion
Used to: Manage angina, HTN, atrial fib
HA, edema, arrhythmias, bradycardia, HF, acute hepatic injury

Question 5

clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 5

-anti-platelet. PO-platelet aggregation
Used for: Clot prevention
Takes a few days to take effect; used for those allergic to ASA

Question 6

ticlopidine (Ticlid)-

Answer 6

anti-platelet. PO-platelet aggregation
Used for: Clot prevention
Takes a few days to take effect; used for those allergic to ASA

Question 7

enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Answer 7

-Low molecular weight haparin (LMWH) SQ consistent serum levels than with heparin, longer half-life; prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact
Higher cost offset by safety, lower bleeding complications and reduction of lab tests

Question 8

clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 8

Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PO platelet aggregation, attaches irreversibly to the platelet ATP receptor
Used to: reduce thrombolytic events for people with athrosclerosis after MI, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.

Hemorrhage

Question 9

ticlopidine (Ticlid)

Answer 9

Platelet aggregation inhibitor. PO antiplatelet that probably blocks ATP platelet-to-fibrinogen and platelet-to- platelet binding.
Used to: inhibit platelet aggregation in those with stroke or with stroke precursors

Intracranial bleeding, diarrhea, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 10

cilostazol (Pletal)

Answer 10

Platelet aggregation inhibitor. PO antiplatelet that probably blocks ATP platelet-to-fibrinogen and platelet-to- platelet binding.
Used to: inhibit platelet aggregation in those with stroke or with stroke precursors

Intracranial bleeding, diarrhea, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 11

catopril (Capoten)

Answer 11

ACE Inhibitors,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Used for: HTN,
Inhibit ACE, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This action decreases peripheral arterial resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, reducing sodium and water retention and lowering BP. PO
AE:Dry, persistent, nonproductive cough

Question 12

enalapril (Vasotec)

Answer 12

ACE Inhibitors,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Used for: HTN,
Inhibit ACE, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This action decreases peripheral arterial resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, reducing sodium and water retention and lowering BP. PO
AE:Dry, persistent, nonproductive cough

Question 13

furosimide (Lasix)

Answer 13

Diuretic. Used for: edema, HTN, acute pulmonary edema
Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, therefore reducing fluid load
PO, IV AE:dizziness, HA, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Question 14

HCTZ

Hydrocloro-thiaxide

Answer 14

Diuretic. Used for: edema, HTN, acute pulmonary edema
Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, therefore reducing fluid load
PO, IV AE:dizziness, HA, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Question 15

low dose ASA (aspirin

Answer 15

Anti-platelet aggregation Reduces platelet
aggregation.
Used for: Prevent MI, stroke PO Increases bleeding time, bruising, nosebleeds

Question 16

Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Answer 16

Statin
HMG-CoA reducatse inhibitor Antilipid; an early step in cholesterol biosynthesis
Used to reduce risk of death from CV disease and CV events; to reduce total cholesterol, raise HDL
PO AE:Nausea, vomiting, asthenia, HA

Question 17

simvastatin (Zocor)

Answer 17

Statin
HMG-CoA reducatse inhibitor Antilipid; an early step in cholesterol biosynthesis
Used to reduce risk of death from CV disease and CV events; to reduce total cholesterol, raise HDL
PO AE:Nausea, vomiting, asthenia, HA

Question 18

warfarin (Coumadiin)

Answer 18

Anticoagulant. Reduces clot formation in vessels

Used for: Prevention of DVTs PO AE:Bleeding, bruising

Question 19

NTG nitroglycerine

Answer 19

Nitrate. Vasodilation, increase blood flow through coronary vessels Used for: reduction of anginal pain SL
AE: HA, pt teaching (how to use) Orthostatic hypotension, flushing, palpitations, dizziness

Question 20

Digoxin

Answer 20

Digitalis. Glycoside. positive inotropic effect. Promotes movement of calcium into the cells, strengthening cardiac contraction, slows conduction, thus slowing heart rate Used for: HF, supra ventricular tachycardia, artrial fibrillation and flutter
Old as dirt, but still used in some cases PO AE:Anorexia, nausea, agitation, fatigue, general muscle weakness, Narrow therapeutic index-monitor with dig levels

Question 21

losartan (Cozzar)

Answer 21

ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers Inhibits vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting action of angiotensin II by blocking angiotensin II receptor on the surface of vascular smooth muscle and other tissue cells. Used for: HTN PO AE: Diarrhea, anemia, fatigue, asthenia (weakness), HA

Question 22

Heparin

Answer 22

Anticoagulant. Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact. SQ Daily PTT
Periodically ck for occult blood in stools, platelet count, HCT

Question 23

pentoxifyllin (Trental)

Answer 23

Anticoagulant. Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact. SQ Daily PTT
Periodically ck for occult blood in stools, platelet count, HCT

Question 24

cilostazol (Pletal)

Answer 24

Anticoagulant. Used for: Prevention of DVT, extension of an embolus, or prevention of additional thrombus after the fact. SQ Daily PTT
Periodically ck for occult blood in stools, platelet count, HCT