Cardiovascular Imaging Flashcards
Normal RV systolic parameters
- TPASE >16mm
- FAC >/= 35%
- RV free wall strain equal to or more negative than -20%
- RVEF >45%
CVP estimated by IVC collapsibility during spontaneous inspiration
- Dilated IVC + <50% collapse: 10-20mmHg (~15)
- Normal size IVC + >50% collapse: 0-5mmHg (~3)
- Discrepant IVC size and collapsibility: 5-10mmHg (~8)
Severe MR: echo parameters
- EROA >/= 0.4cm2
- RF >50%
- RV >60cc/beat
- VC >/= -0.7
Remember: 4-5-6-7 (EROA, RF, RV, VC in alphabetical order)
What are the Carpentier classes of MR?
- Type I: normal leaflet motion with annular dilation or leaflet perforation
- Type II: excessive leaflet motion (e.g. proloapse, flail, ruptured PM)
- Type IIIa: restriction in both systole and diastole (rheumatic heart disease)
- Type IIIb: restriction in systole only (functional or ischemic MR)
Tricuspid stenosis etiologies
- Congenital
- Carcinoid tumor
- Rheumatic disease (almost always seen with concomitant MS)
- Right-sided leads (if infected)
Echo findings that indicate tamponade
- Diastolic RA and/or RV collapse
- Dilated and noncollapsing IVC
- Restrictive MV inflow pattern
- Significant respiratory variation in MV and TV inflow velocities
Ventricular interdependence occurs when increased filling of the RV during inspiration leads to compression of the LV and decreased LV filling/CO
Echo findings suggestive of constrictive pericarditis
- Exaggerated ventricular interdependence
- Annulus paradoxus (restrictive-type MV inflow with a relatively normal mitral e’)
- Annulus reversus: lateral mitral e’ < medial mitral e’
- Septal bounce
- Dilated, noncollapsing IVC
Main etiology of AAA
Atherosclerosis
Abdominal aortic aneurysms are more common than DTA aneurysms
Most common location for aortic dissections to originate from
The ascending aorta just above the sinuses of Valsalva (65%)
20% arise just distal to the L SCA
10% arch
5% abdominal aorta
