cardiovascular imaging Flashcards
cardiomegaly
heart silhouette is larger than half the width of the chest
how does mild/moderate/severe CHF show up on cxr
Mild – equal pulmonary vasculature in upper and lower lobes (cephalization)
Moderate – Kerley B lines in lateral basilar regions
Severe – pulmonary edema – bilateral perihilar and basilar alveolar infiltrates
difference between A, B, C lines in CHF
A lines are more superior, almost vertical
B lines are more peripheral and horizontal
C lines are at the bottom more medially
To evaluate cardiac function and ejection fraction you can order ….
either an echocardiogram or MUGA scan
Angiogram may be indicated if the EF is…
less than 35%
Echo vs muga
echo: the go to*, quick and cheaper
MUGA: most accurate, better for lung dz detect, expensive, radioactive
left atrial enlargement is most commonly caused by_____ and is seen as ___ bumps on the left cardiac border
mitral stenosis; four
what is the 3rd Mogul Sign
bumps on left cardiac border from mitral stenosis from rheumatic fever
What are the five moguls and which should be normal?
1- aortic arch 2- main pulm artery 3- dilated left atrial appendage 4- left ventricle 5- pericardial fat pad normal: 1,2,4 abnl 3--> LA enlargement 5--> cardiac enlarg..
which mogul represents atrial enlargement
3rd mogul
Left ventricular enlargement can be due to
coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis or regurgitation, or ventricular aneurysm
Left ventricular hypertrophy (wall thickening) is best evaluated by _____
echocardiogram
Endocarditis define
left is more often involved
which side of the heart is involved in endocarditis?
most often in left side
IVDA–> right side
Echocardiogram (usually transesophageal) is the preferred method to evaluate for ___ growths or other abnormalities.
vegetative
