Cardiovascular History Taking Flashcards
step 1
intro and consent
OPERA
onset progression exacerbating relieving associated symptoms
SOCRATES
site onset characteristic radiation associated factors timing often/duration exacerbating/relieving severity
angina pain
dull ache, tight , heavy feeling
characteristic on exertion
pain of acute pericarditis
sharp, localised to sternum exacerbated by deep inspiration, eased by sitting forward
pain in lateral chest wall , exacerbated on inspiration
pleuritic pain
dyspnoea
difficulty breathing
causes of dyspnoea on exertion
cardiac failure, chronic pulmonary disease, poor physical condition
orthopnoea
more difficulty breathing when lying
what is associated with orthopnea
congestive heart failure and sever lung disease
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
sudden wakening with shortness of breath
what is pnd associated with
congestive heart failure, and asthma
ankle oedema
swelling in ankles due to heart failure
worse in evening and symmetrical
questions to ask about palpatations
fast? regular? skipped beats? how long lasted for? associated symptoms
syncope
transient loss of consciousness resulting from cerebral anoxia
