Cardiovascular Examination

Question 1

Name the 7 signs to look for on the hands in Cardiovascular Examination?

Answer 1

Tar Staining
Spliter Haemorrhages
Arachnodactyl
Xanthomata
Palmar Erythema
Janeway Lesions
Osler nodes

Question 2

What are Splinter Haemorrhages a sign of? (3)

Answer 2

Infective Endocarditis
Vasculitis
Sepsis

Question 3

What is Arachnodactyl a sign of?

Answer 3

Marfans

Question 4

What is Xanthomata a sign of?

Answer 4

Hyperlipidemia

Question 5

Where is Xanthomata typically found? (3)

Answer 5

Joints, Elbows, Tendons

Question 6

What is Palmar Erythema typically a sign of? (3)

Answer 6

Hyperthyrodism
Pregnancy
Polycythemia

Question 7

What are janeway lesions?

Answer 7

Non tender, palmar lesions

Question 8

What are osler nodes? and what is it associated with?

Answer 8

Painful associated with infective endocarditis

Question 9

What Capillary refill time is normal?

Answer 9

<2 Seconds

Question 10

What should be looked for with regards to pulse in cardiovascular examination? (3)

Answer 10

Rate, Rhythm, Volume and Character of Radial Pulse

Collapse Pulse

Radio Radial Delay

Question 11

What does a collapsing pulse indicate?

Answer 11

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 12

What does a radio-radial delay indicate?

Answer 12

Aortic Dissection or Coarctation

Question 13

What does a slow rise brachial pulse indicate?

Answer 13

Aortic Stenosis

Question 14

What does a bounding brachial pulse indicate? (2)

Answer 14

Aortic Regurgitation
Co2 Retention

Question 15

If blood pressure is narrow what does this indicate?

Answer 15

Aortic Stenosis

Question 16

If blood pressure is wide what does this indicate?

Answer 16

Aortic Regurgitation
Dissection

Question 17

If there is a difference in arms in BP what does this indicate?

Answer 17

Dissection

Question 18

If JVP is more than 3cm what does this indicate? (4)

Answer 18

Venous Hypertension
Right Heart Failure
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Constrictive Pericarditis

Question 19

What does Mallar flush indicate?

Answer 19

Mitral stenosis

Question 20

What does corneal arcus indicate?

Answer 20

Hypercholesterolaemia

Question 21

What does angular stomatitis indicate?

Answer 21

Iron Deficiency

Question 22

If the apex beat is displaced what could this mean? (5)

Answer 22

Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure
Tension Pneumothorax
Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation

Question 23

What do heaves mean?

Answer 23

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 24

What do thrills mean?

Answer 24

Regurgitation

Question 25

Where can the aortic valve be found?

Answer 25

2nd intercostal space right sternum

Question 26

Where can the pulmonary valve be found?

Answer 26

2nd intercostal space left sternum

Question 27

Where can tricuspid valve be found?

Answer 27

4th intercostal space left sternum

Question 28

Where can mitral valve be found

Answer 28

5th intercostal space midclavicular line

Question 29

Pleural effusion is associated with what type of heart failure?

Answer 29

Left ventricular failure

Question 30

What further tests would you want to do at end of cardio exam? (6)

Answer 30

BP ECG Urine Dipstick Bloods Fundoscopy Cap Glucose

Question 31

Name 6 signs associated with Aortic Stenosis?

Answer 31

Heave apex beat Slow rise pulse Narrow pulse pressure Ejection click Soft s2 Ejection Systolic murmur

Question 32

Name 4 signs associated with mitral regurgitation?

Answer 32

Displaced apex Soft/no S1 High pitch blowing pan systolic murmur Mid systolic click

Question 33

Name 4 signs associated with aortic regurgitation?

Answer 33

Displaced apex beat Wide pulse pressure collapse pulse high pitch blow early diastolic murmur

Question 34

Name 4 signs associated with mitral stenosis?

Answer 34

Tapping apex beat Malar flush Loud S1 Rumble mid diastolic murmur with opening snap

Question 35

How to find Aortic Stenosis?

Answer 35

Bell of Stethescope on Carotids

Question 36

How to find Aortic regurgitation?

Answer 36

4th intercostal left of sternum. Use diaphragm. Breathe in, breathe out and hold on expiration

Question 37

How to find mitral regurgitation?

Answer 37

Bell on apex beat point, hold on expiration