Cardiovascular Examination Flashcards
Name the 7 signs to look for on the hands in Cardiovascular Examination?
Tar Staining
Spliter Haemorrhages
Arachnodactyl
Xanthomata
Palmar Erythema
Janeway Lesions
Osler nodes
What are Splinter Haemorrhages a sign of? (3)
Infective Endocarditis
Vasculitis
Sepsis
What is Arachnodactyl a sign of?
Marfans
What is Xanthomata a sign of?
Hyperlipidemia
Where is Xanthomata typically found? (3)
Joints, Elbows, Tendons
What is Palmar Erythema typically a sign of? (3)
Hyperthyrodism
Pregnancy
Polycythemia
What are janeway lesions?
Non tender, palmar lesions
What are osler nodes? and what is it associated with?
Painful associated with infective endocarditis
What Capillary refill time is normal?
<2 Seconds
What should be looked for with regards to pulse in cardiovascular examination? (3)
Rate, Rhythm, Volume and Character of Radial Pulse
Collapse Pulse
Radio Radial Delay
What does a collapsing pulse indicate?
Aortic Regurgitation
What does a radio-radial delay indicate?
Aortic Dissection or Coarctation
What does a slow rise brachial pulse indicate?
Aortic Stenosis
What does a bounding brachial pulse indicate? (2)
Aortic Regurgitation
Co2 Retention
If blood pressure is narrow what does this indicate?
Aortic Stenosis
If blood pressure is wide what does this indicate?
Aortic Regurgitation
Dissection
If there is a difference in arms in BP what does this indicate?
Dissection
If JVP is more than 3cm what does this indicate? (4)
Venous Hypertension
Right Heart Failure
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Constrictive Pericarditis
What does Mallar flush indicate?
Mitral stenosis
What does corneal arcus indicate?
Hypercholesterolaemia
What does angular stomatitis indicate?
Iron Deficiency
If the apex beat is displaced what could this mean? (5)
Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure
Tension Pneumothorax
Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation
What do heaves mean?
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
What do thrills mean?
Regurgitation
Where can the aortic valve be found?
2nd intercostal space right sternum
Where can the pulmonary valve be found?
2nd intercostal space left sternum
Where can tricuspid valve be found?
4th intercostal space left sternum
Where can mitral valve be found
5th intercostal space midclavicular line
Pleural effusion is associated with what type of heart failure?
Left ventricular failure
What further tests would you want to do at end of cardio exam? (6)
BP
ECG
Urine Dipstick
Bloods
Fundoscopy
Cap Glucose
Name 6 signs associated with Aortic Stenosis?
Heave apex beat
Slow rise pulse
Narrow pulse pressure
Ejection click
Soft s2
Ejection Systolic murmur
Name 4 signs associated with mitral regurgitation?
Displaced apex
Soft/no S1
High pitch blowing pan systolic murmur
Mid systolic click
Name 4 signs associated with aortic regurgitation?
Displaced apex beat
Wide pulse pressure
collapse pulse
high pitch blow early diastolic murmur
Name 4 signs associated with mitral stenosis?
Tapping apex beat
Malar flush
Loud S1
Rumble mid diastolic murmur with opening snap
How to find Aortic Stenosis?
Bell of Stethescope on Carotids
How to find Aortic regurgitation?
4th intercostal left of sternum. Use diaphragm. Breathe in, breathe out and hold on expiration
How to find mitral regurgitation?
Bell on apex beat point, hold on expiration
