cardiovascular exam, diagnostic testing Flashcards
lab week 2
What is erbs point and where is it located?
located at the 3rd intercostal space and left lower sternal borderwhere heart murmurs can be heard the best when auscultating the heart for its sounds
What is S3? when is it normal? abnormal?
sound produced by blood comoing in contact with a compliant ventricle.
it is normal in children, athlertes or those who are pregnant.
it is abnormal for adults and those who are elderly. it can indicate severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, cardiomyopahty, heart failure
what is the pulse grade scale
what are the kortokoff sounds?
waht are you measuring?
during which phases does each occur?
- pulsating soudns heard through stethoscope when measuring blood pressure
there are 5 phases: - 1 is a clear tapping, systolic pressure
- 2 is a swishing sound
- 3 is a rhythmic knocking
- 4 is a muffled sound
- 5 is silent and diastolic pressure
waht does S1 correspond to?
1 heart sound (kortokoff), systolic “lub” closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
what does S2 correspond to?
2nd heart sound (kortokoff), closure of semilunar valves end of ventricular systole
chest assessment: breathing
what are you looking for
- symmetrical rise
- labored
- rapid
- slow
- pauses
hands can be places over chest
integumentary scan
what are you looking for?
- discoloration
- abnomral areas on the skin
- dry/flaky (sloughing)
- excess moisture - diaphoretic, maceration
- wounds
- bony prominences (redness, soft)
- signs of abuse or falls
- pain (facial grimacing)
what is the pttingedema scale
1+ = immediate rebound
2+ = slight delay in rebound
3+ = >15 sec delay
4+ = >30 sec delay
what are some of the pulse landmarks on the body
- temoral (anterior/superior to ear)
- carotid (between SCM and trachea)
- apical (5th intercostal space)
- brachial (medial to antecubital fossa)
- radial (proximal to thenar, medial to brachioradialis
- ulnar (groove proximal to pisiform)
- femoral (femoral triangle)
- popliteal (medial to biceps f. - knee passively flexed)
- posterior tibialis (posterior inferior to medial malleolus)
- dorsalis pedis (beteen 1st adn 2nd MTP)
temp
normal:
oral:
axillary:
rectal:
when might you see an increase/decrease in core temp thats outside of normal range?
normal: 95.9-99.5
oral: 98.6
axillary: 97.6
rectal: can be .5-7 higher than oral
what are you listening for with heart auscultation
- no split sounds
- no artifact
- no extra beats before or after S1,S2
what are the 5 heart auscultation spots
- aortic area: second right intercostal space
- pulmonic area: second left infercostal space
- Erb’s Point: third left intercostal space (left sternal border)
- tricuspid area: fourth left intercostal space (left lower sternal border)
- Mitral area/apex: fifth left intercostal space (midclavicular line)
