Cardiovascular Exam

Question 1

General appearance

Answer 1

Malanourishment, laboured respiration, cyanosis, pallor,jaundice

Question 2

Nails

Answer 2

Nails- clubbing (cyanotic heart disease, chronic lung disease, advanced liver disease, infective endocarditis), splinter haemorrhage (infective endocarditis)

Question 3

Hands

Answer 3

Peripheral cyanosis, pallor of palmar creases, tremor (thyroxicosis of hyperactive thyroid gland)

Question 4

Pulse

Answer 4

Rate, rhythm, character, radio femoral delay (coarctation of aorta)

Question 5

BP

Answer 5

Lying, standing, postural hypotension

Question 6

Face/eyes

Answer 6

Pallor, jaundice

Question 7

Mouth

Answer 7

Central cyanosis, anaemia

Question 8

Neck

Answer 8

Carotid pulse, auscultation for bruits (carotid artery stenosis), JVP (elevated when there is right heart failure or fluid overload)

Question 9

Chest

Answer 9

Scars, visible pulsation, apex beat

Question 10

Palpation

Answer 10

Apex beat, thrills, heaves

Question 11

Percussion

Answer 11

Heart size

Question 12

Auscultation

Answer 12

Heart sounds, murmurs, listen at king bases

Question 13

Abdomen

Answer 13

Liver, renal bruits

Question 14

Legs

Answer 14

Swelling or oedema