Cardiovascular Exam Flashcards
what is the most common CC for cardiac events
chest pain
what is the true symptom of CHD
angina pectoris
what is angina
consequence of hypoxia of the myocardium resulting from an imbalance of coronary blood supply and myocardial demand (not enough O2 for the demand of the heart)
how is angina commonly described
by a clenched fist in front of the sternum (Levine’s Sign)
other causes of chest pain
pumonary, intestinal, gallbladder, and musculoskeletal disorders
(if you can reproduce the pain probably musculoskeletal)
associated symptoms to ask about for chest pain
SOB palpitations nausea/vomiting cough fever hemoptysis leg/calf pain or swelling syncope/dizziness
what is the big indicator for cardiac events in the elderly
syncope/dizziness
descriptions of chest pain
pressure sharp heaviness soreness ache
other complaints of cardiac events
- Dyspnea - DOE, PND, Orthopnea, leg swelling
- Fatigue - inability to keep up with peers, meds
- cough - onset/duration, character, hemoptysis
- LOC - dizzy, palpitations, incontinence, black tarry stools
- palpitations - caffeine use, h/o thyroid dz, tobacco/alcohol/drugs
- lower extremity edema - one or both legs, calf pain, gradual or sudden onset, reduced by elevation, h/o kidney heart or liver dz, leg ulcers, contraceptive use
list common symptoms of cardiovascular disorders
- confusion/syncope
- palpitations
- cough/wheeze
- hemoptysis
- SOB
- chest pain/tightness
- incontinence/impotence/heat intolerance
- fatigue
- leg edema
- dizziness/lightheadedness
what valves are closed/open during systole
closed - AV valves
open - aortic/pulm valves
what valves are closed/open during diastole
closed - aortic/pulm valves
open - AV valves
what is the equation for cardiac output
CO=stroke volume x heart rate
stroke volume definition
volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat
define preload
EDV at the beginning of systole directly related to the stretch
define contracility
ability of the ventricles to contract during systole
define afterload
amount of resistance that the left side of theh eart has to overcome to eject blood (squeeze)
equation for BP
BP = CO x systemic vascular resistance
normal respiration range
12-20bpm
what are agonal respirations
irregular and may be slow or fast
what is SBP
systolic BP
-pressure generated by left ventricle during sytole when the LV ejectes blood into the aorta and the arterial tree
what is DBP
diastolic BP
-pressure generated by blood remaining in the arterial tree during diastole when the ventricles are relaxed
how do get direct measurement of blood pressure
insertion of intra-arterial catheter (A-line)
definition of orthostatic HTN
drop of >20mmHg systolic (or >10mmHg diastolic)
