Cardiovascular Drugs Part 2 (Antilipemics, Anticoagulants, Cardiac Glycosides)

Question 1

All are contraindications of Cardiotonic Glycosides (Digitalis) EXCEPT:

a. Ventricular bradycardia
b. Heart block
c. Renal insufficiency
d. Fibrillation

Answer 1

a. Ventricular bradycardia

Question 2

True or False:
Calcium-channel Blockers are the first-line agents to treat angina, hypertension, arrhythmia, and supraventricular tachycardia.

Answer 2

False (arrhythmia is not included)

Question 3

What are the nursing implications of Niacin? (select all that apply)

a. See effects after 1-4 days
b. Max effect after 3-5 weeks
c. Small doses of aspirin or NSAID taken 30 min before decreases aspirin & pruritus
d. XR tablets lead to decreased flushing
e. Take with meals to decrease GI upset

Answer 3

a, b, c, d, e

Question 4

What are the nursing implications of Atorvastatin? (select all that apply)

a. Check liver function every 3-6 months
b. Take with evening meal or at bedtime
c. Avoid grapefruit juice
d. Teach to report muscle aches, pain, or tenderness

Answer 4

a, b, c, d

Question 5

Patient Maritess went to the hospital complaining about chest pain. Upon assessment, she stated that the pain only occurs when she’s stressed or overworked. When asked if she’s taking any medications to ease the pain, she verbalized, “No, resting is enough to relieve my chest pain. But I’m still worried about it.” What type of Angina is described by the client?

a. Pre-infarction
b. Stable
c. Vasospactic

Answer 5

b. Stable

Question 6

After administering Digoxin, the nurse should do which of the following interventions?

i. Monitor pulse rate
ii. Weight the patient daily
iii. Monitor temperature every 4 hours
iv. Instruct the patient to avoid drinking caffeine (e.g., coffee, tea)
a. i, ii, iii, iv
b. i and ii only
c. i, ii, iii only
d. i and iii only

Answer 6

b. i and ii only

Question 7

Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is not contraindicated for the following EXCEPT:

a. Pregnant woman
b. Those with acute MI
c. Decreased liver function
d. With Type II DM

Answer 7

b. Those with acute MI

Question 8

Which of the following are the contraindications of the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)? (select all that apply)

a. Stroke
b. Blood anomalies
c. Pregnancy
d. Peptic ulcer

Answer 8

c. Pregnancy

Question 9

True or False:

Anticoagulants do not dissolve clots - they act prophylactically to prevent new clots from forming.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Which of the following are class III Antidysrhythmic Agents? (select all that apply)

a. Mexiletine
b. Ibutilide
c. Verapamil
d. Amiodarone
e. Sotolal

Answer 10

b. Ibutilide, d. Amiodarone

Question 11

True or False:

Warfarin works on the intrinsic pathway and is monitored by PT.

Answer 11

False (should be extrinsic pathway)

Question 12

True or False:

Digoxin and Digitoxin are examples of cardiotonic glycoside (digitalis).

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Cardiotonic Glycosides (Digitalis) do the following: (select all that apply)

a. Inhibits Na-K pump
b. Blocks the enzyme phosphodiesterase
c. Increases intracellular calcium
d. Causes vasodilation

Answer 13

a. Inhibits Na-K pump, c. Increases intracellular calcium

Question 14

True or False:
Adverse effects of bile acid sequestrants (e.g., constipation, heartburn, nausea, etc.) tend to last for a long period of time.

Answer 14

False (they disappear overtime)

Question 15

Which of the following is the anticoagulant antidote?

a. Aminocaproic acid (Amicar)
b. Protamine sulfate
c. Naloxone
d. Atropine

Answer 15

b. Protamine sulfate

Question 16

Which of the following is not a type of antianginal agent?

a. Alpha-blockers
b. Beta-blockers
c. Nitrates
d. Calcium-channel blockers

Answer 16

a. Alpha-blockers

Question 17

True or Fale:

High blood pressure is a symptom of digitalis toxicity.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Differentiate the difference among the 3 types of angina.

i. Classic
ii. Unstable
iii. Variant

a. Progresses in severity, not relieved by rest, a sign of impending heart attack
b. Occurs at rest because of vasospasm
c. Triggered by stress and exertion, relieved by rest

Answer 18

c, a, b

Question 19

Identify under what Vaughan Williams Classifications (Class I, II, III) does the following medications fall under.

i. Class I
ii. Class II
iii. Class III

a. Amiodarone, bretylium, sotalol
b. Quindine, mexiletine, phenytoin, propafenone
c. Esmolol, petaprolol, propranolol

Answer 19

b, c, a

Question 20

Matching type: Identify the following Antianginal Agents based on the following mechanism of actions.

i. Nitrate
ii. Beta-blockers
iii. Calcium-channel blockers

a. Causes vasodilation due to relaxation of smooth muscles & is potent dilation effect on coronary arteries.
b. Decrease myocardial contractility, helping to conserve energy or decrease demand. Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors.
c. Decreased peripheral smooth muscle tone, decreased systemic vascular resistance.

Answer 20

a, b, c