Cardiovascular Drugs Part 1 (Antihypertensives) Flashcards
Causes smooth muscle relaxation.
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
What two medications are reserved for the management of hypertensive emergencies?
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE AND DIAZOXIDE IV
What increases renal prostaglandins, resulting in the dilation of blood vessels and reduced peripheral vascular resistance?
LOOP DIURETICS
What is the drug of choice for hypertension in pregnancy?
METHYLDOPA
What is the only ACE inhibitor available in oral and parenteral forms?
ENALAPRIL
What diuretic is used to decrease intracranial pressure?
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
What type of ACE inhibitor drug that is newer agents, long half lives and once a day dosing?
LISINOPRIL
What drug is useful in the management of withdrawal symptoms in opioid or nicotine dependent persons?
CLONIDINE
It allows angiotensin I to be converted into angiotensin II, but block the receptors that received angiotensin II.
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER
Most commonly prescribed osmotic diuretic?
MANNITOL
What type of diuretic is Triamterene (dyrenium)?
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
What type of diuretic helps prevent kidney failure?
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
What inhibits the release of norepinephrine and a result of decreased blood pressure?
ADRENERGIC NEURONAL BLOCKER
What interferes with sodium-potassium exchange and binds to aldosterone receptors?
POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS
What affects the intracellular calcium levels in the heart muscle, leading to increased contractility?
CARDIOTONIC AGENTS OR INOTROPIC DRUGS
What short half life must be dosed more frequently than others?
CAPTOPRIL
What decreases the plasma and extracellular fluid volume?
DIURETICS
What leads to a decrease in heart rate and strength of contraction as well as vasodilation?
ADRENERGIC AGENTS
Why is primary hypertension also termed as “idiopathic hypertension”?
Idiopathic means unknown cause.
What blocks the alpha1 - adrenergic receptors?
ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS (PERIPHERALLY ACTING)
What decreases vascular resistance and heart rate?
BETA - ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
A heart attack occurs when one or more coronary arteries are blocked. What is the medical term for heart attack?
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
What class of antihypertensive drugs that results in a decrease of systemic vascular response and a decreased afterload?
VASODILATORS
In treating patients with hypertension, what would the first nursing intervention be?
LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION
What medication prevents an enzyme in the body from angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels?
ACE inhibitors
What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors?
-PRIL
What antihypertensive medication blocks calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
What is the second step for treating hypertension when the first step isn’t sufficient?
DRUG THERAPY
What specific electrolyte imbalance condition is contraindicated for beta-blockers?
HYPERKALEMIA
What does an ACE inhibitor block the conversion of?
ANGIOTENSIN I
