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Z Year3 Drugs > Cardiovascular drugs (Diuretics) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular drugs (Diuretics) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 different types of diuretics?

A
  1. Loop
  2. Thiazide and thiazide like
  3. Potassium sparing
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2
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A

inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter

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3
Q

What is an example of a loop diuretic?

A

Furosemide

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4
Q

When are loop diuretics used?

A

heart failure

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5
Q

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Low Na+, Low K+ and Low Ca2+
  3. Ototoxic
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6
Q

What are examples of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics?

A
  1. Indapamide (hyper)

2. Metolazone (heart)

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7
Q

What is the role of thiazide diuretics?

A
  1. hypertension

2. heart failure

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8
Q

What are the side effects of thiazide like diuretics?

A
  1. Low K+, High Ca2+, low Mg2+
  2. High urate (gout)
  3. impotence
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9
Q

What are potassium sparing diuretics?

A

aldosterone antagonists

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10
Q

What are examples of potassium sparing diuretics?

A
  1. spironolactone

2. eplerenone

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11
Q

How do potassium sparing diuretics work?

A

directly block aldosterone receptors

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12
Q

How does amiloride work?

A

blocks epithelial Na+ channel in DCT

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13
Q

What are 3 different types of vasodilators?

A
  1. nitrates
  2. hydralazine
  3. prazosin
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14
Q

When are vasodilators used?

A
  1. heart failure
  2. IHD
  3. Hypertension
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15
Q

How do nitrates work?

A
  1. dilate vein and large arteries

2. decrease filling pressure (pre-load)

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16
Q

How to hydralazines work?

A
  1. dilates resistance vessels

2. lowers BP (after load)

17
Q

How do prazosin (alpha blocker) work?

A

dilates arteries and veins

18
Q

How do calcium antagonists work?

A
  1. decrease entry of Ca2+ via voltage sensitive channels in smooth muscle
  2. Peripheral and coronary vasodilation
  3. Decrease myocardial oxygen consumption
19
Q

Which type of calcium channels are blocker by calcium antagonists?

A

L type

20
Q

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

A
  1. Dihydropyridines

2. Non-dihydropyridines

21
Q

What are examples of dihydropyridines?

A
  1. nifedipine

2. amlodipine

22
Q

How do dihydropyridines work?

A
  1. mostly peripheral vasodilation

2. cause reflex tachycardia (so used with beta blocker)

23
Q

What are dihydropyridines used for?

A

hypertension and angina

24
Q

What are examples of non-dihydropyridines?

A
  1. Verapamil

2. Diltiazem

25
Q

How do non-dihydropyridines work?

A
  1. slow conduction at AV node and SA node

2. not use with Beta blockers

26
Q

What are non-dihydropyridines used for?

A
  1. hypertension
  2. angina
  3. dysrhythmias
27
Q

What are the side effects of calcium antagonists?

A
  1. flushes
  2. headaches
  3. ankle oedema
  4. decrease LV function
  5. gingival hypertrophy
28
Q

What are the contraindications to using non-dihydropyridines?

A

heart block

Z Year3 Drugs (2 decks)

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