Cardiovascular drugs (Diuretics) Flashcards
What are 3 different types of diuretics?
- Loop
- Thiazide and thiazide like
- Potassium sparing
How do loop diuretics work?
inhibit Na/2Cl/K cotransporter
What is an example of a loop diuretic?
Furosemide
When are loop diuretics used?
heart failure
What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
- Dehydration
- Low Na+, Low K+ and Low Ca2+
- Ototoxic
What are examples of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics?
- Indapamide (hyper)
2. Metolazone (heart)
What is the role of thiazide diuretics?
- hypertension
2. heart failure
What are the side effects of thiazide like diuretics?
- Low K+, High Ca2+, low Mg2+
- High urate (gout)
- impotence
What are potassium sparing diuretics?
aldosterone antagonists
What are examples of potassium sparing diuretics?
- spironolactone
2. eplerenone
How do potassium sparing diuretics work?
directly block aldosterone receptors
How does amiloride work?
blocks epithelial Na+ channel in DCT
What are 3 different types of vasodilators?
- nitrates
- hydralazine
- prazosin
When are vasodilators used?
- heart failure
- IHD
- Hypertension
How do nitrates work?
- dilate vein and large arteries
2. decrease filling pressure (pre-load)
How to hydralazines work?
- dilates resistance vessels
2. lowers BP (after load)
How do prazosin (alpha blocker) work?
dilates arteries and veins
How do calcium antagonists work?
- decrease entry of Ca2+ via voltage sensitive channels in smooth muscle
- Peripheral and coronary vasodilation
- Decrease myocardial oxygen consumption
Which type of calcium channels are blocker by calcium antagonists?
L type
What are the two types of calcium antagonists?
- Dihydropyridines
2. Non-dihydropyridines
What are examples of dihydropyridines?
- nifedipine
2. amlodipine
How do dihydropyridines work?
- mostly peripheral vasodilation
2. cause reflex tachycardia (so used with beta blocker)
What are dihydropyridines used for?
hypertension and angina
What are examples of non-dihydropyridines?
- Verapamil
2. Diltiazem
