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Brenner Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Class: Diuretic, urinary alkalizer
Indication: Open-angle glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis
Mech: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Side effect: Paresthesia, kidney stones
Interactions: Decreases weak base excretion, increases weak acid secretion

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2
Q

Adenosine

A

Class: Anti-arrhythmic
Indication: Terminate SVT
Mech: Opens K+ channels => dec Ca2+ influx
Side effect: Transient asystole
Interactions: Dipyrimadoles inhibits uptake => increases effect

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3
Q

Aliskiren

A 
Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: Hypertension
Mech: Direct renin antagonist
Side effect: Few
Interactions: Enhances antihypertensive effects of other drugs
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4
Q

Amiloride

A 
Class: K-sparing diuretic
Indication: Hypokalemia
Mech: ENaC antagonist
Side effect: Hyperkalemia
Interactions: Additive effects on serum K with ACE inh
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5
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic (III)
Indication: SVTs and VTs including Vfib and VTach
Mech: Blocks K+, Ca2+, Na+ channels and B-receptors
Side effects: Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis
Interactions: Increases levels of digoxin

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6
Q

Amlodipine

A 
Class: Antihypertensive
Indiciation: Hypertension
Mech: Dihydropyridine CCB
Side effects: Peripheral edema
Interactions: Levels increased by grapefruit juice
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7
Q

Carvedilol

A 
Class: Antihypertensive, inotropic agent
Indication: CHF
Mech: B1,2-blocker, a1-Blocker
Side effects: Orthostatics
Interactions: Effects increased by other antihypertensives, digoxin; decreased by thyroid hormones, NSAIDs
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8
Q

Clonidine

A

Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: Hypertension, cancer pain
Mech: a2-agonist => decreases sympathetic outflow
Side effects: Sedation, dry mouth
Interactions: TCAs and adrenergic antagonists decrease effect

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9
Q

Conivaptan

A

Class: Diuretic
Indication: Euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia
Mech: Antagonist of vasopressin V2 receptors => block insertion of aquaporins
Side effects: Infusion site reactions
Interactions: Metabolized by CYP3A4 => increases levels of midazolam, simvastatin

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10
Q

Digoxin

A

Class: Cardiac stimulant
Indication: CHF, slow vent rate in afib
Mech: Inhibits Na+, K+ ATPase => increases cardiac contractility
Side effects: Arrhythmias
Interactions: Amiodarone, quinidine, dilt/verap, quinidine increase levels

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11
Q

Diltiazem

A 
Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: Hypertension
Mech: Non-dihydropyridine CCB
Side effects: Peripheral edema
Interactions: Increases digoxin, carbamazepine
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12
Q

Dofetilide

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic (III)
Indication: Afib, Aflutter
Mech: Blocks K+ channels => slows repolarization, increases QT
Side effects: QT prolong => TdP
Interactions: Trimethoprim, ketoconazole increases levels

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13
Q

Enalapril

A 
Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: Hypertension, CHF
Mech: ACE inhibitor
Side effects: Cough
Interactions: Hyperkalemia if used with K-sparing diuretic
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14
Q

Esmolol

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic (II)
Indication: Sinus tach, SVT, HTN during/after surgery
Mech: B1-blocker
Side effects: Hypotension, brady
Interactions: Additive brady with digoxin

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15
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: Hypertensive emergencies
Mech: Dopamine D1 agonist => arteriolar dilation
Side effects: Reduce K levels
Interactions: Avoid concurrent B1-blockers

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16
Q

Furosemide

A

Class: Diuretic
Indication: Hypertension, CHF
Mech: Loop diuretic
Side effects: HypoK, metabolic alkalosis, hyperUr, hypoMg
Interactions: Decreases lithium excretion, increases ototoxicity of aminoglycosides

17
Q

Hydralazine

A

Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: HTN, CHF (w/ isosorbide dinitrate)
Mech: Alters intracellular Ca2+ metabolism => vasodilates
Side effects: Edema, lupus
Interactions: Combine with B-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia

18
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Class: Diuretic
Indication: HTN, CHF
Mech: Blocks Na/Cl channel in DCT
Side effects: HypoK, HyperCa, HyperUr, HChol, HyperTG
Interactions: Decreased lithium excretion

19
Q

Labetalol

A 
Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: HTN
Mech: a1-antagonist, B1,2-blocker
Side effects: Postural hypotension
Interactions: Unopposed a-stimulation with epinephrine
20
Q

Mannitol

A 
Class: Diuretic
Indication: Renal failure, inc ICP, acute glaucoma
Mech: Osmotic agent
Side effects: Pulmonary edema/CHF
Interactions: None
21
Q

Methyldopa

A

Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: HTN
Mech: a2-agonist => converted to methyl-NE
Side effects: Sedation, positive direct Coombs’
Interactions: TCA, NSAIDs decrease effects

22
Q

Minoxidil

A

Class: Antihypertensive, hair growth stimulant
Indication: Severe hypertension, alopecia
Mech: Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle; stimulates telogen => anagen phase transition
Side effects: Pericarditis, pulmonary HTN
Interactions: Combine with B-blocker, diuretic to prevent fluid retention and tachy

23
Q

Nesiritide

A 
Class: Recombinant BNP
Indication: Decompensated CHF
Mech: Activate guanylate cyclase => inc cGMP => dilate venous and arterial smooth muscle
Side effects: Hypotension
Interactions: None
24
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Class: Antianginal
Indication: Angina pectoris, acute treatment CHF
Mech: Release NO => vasodilation of capacitance > resistance vessels
Side effects: HA, hypotension, syncope, reflex tachy
Interaction: Increases vasodilative effect of sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

25
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: Hypertensive crisis, acute CHF
Mech: Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle
Side effects: Cyanide toxicity
Interactions: Increased hypotensive effects with general anesthetics

26
Q

Propafenone

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic (IC)
Indication: SVT, Afib, ventricular arrhythmias
Mech: Blocks Na+ channels in cardiac tissue => prevents re-entry => inc PR and QRS
Side effects: Arrhythmia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Interactions: Inc digoxin

27
Q

Quinidine

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic (IA)
Indication: SVT and vent arrhythmias
Mech: Blocks Na+ and K+ channels => inc QRS and QT
Side effects: TdP, blurred vision, tinnitus, photophobia
Interaction: Inc digoxin; increased by amiodarone, verapamil, diltiazem, grapefruit

28
Q

Ranolazine

A

Class: Antianginal
Indication: Stable angina pectoris => use with amlodipine, B-blockers, nitrates
Mech: Limits Na+ influx (late I(Na) current) => improves diastolic function
Side effects: Dizziness, HA, prolong QT
Interaction: CYP3A4; ketoconazole increass levels

29
Q

Sotalol

A 
Class: Antiarrhythmic (III)
Indication: SVT, afib, vent arrhythmias
Mech: Blocks K+ channels
Side effects: Prolongs QT, TdP
Interaction: Effects increased by antihypertensives
30
Q

Spironolactone

A

Class: K-sparing diuretic
Indication: 1o hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, hypertension
Mech: Blocks aldo receptors
Side effects: Gynecomastia
Interaction: Hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitor

31
Q

Valsartan

A

Class: Antihypertensive
Indication: HTN, CHF, diabetic nephropathy
Mech: Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Side effects: None
Interactions: Hyperkalemia with K-sparing diuretic

32
Q

Verapamil

A

Class: Antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic (IV)
Indication: HTN, angina, SVT
Mech: Non-dihydropyridine CCB, blocks Ca2+ channels in cardiac and smooth muscle
Side effects: Hypotension, peripheral edema, constipation
Interactions: Inc digoxin, increased by grapefruit juice

Brenner Pharmacology (2 decks)

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