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Advanced Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics

A

Blockade of sodium and chloride reabsorption from the renal tubules; increasing diuresis. Increasing urine and sodium excretion

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2
Q

Hypotensive effect of diuretics

A

maintained during long term therapy; drugs first decrease extracellular volume and CO. Maintained with long term therapy because of reduced vascular resistance

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3
Q

Thiazide derivatives and related agents

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) Chlorthalidone

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4
Q

Kinetics of thiazides

A

Absorbed from a limited absorption site in the small intestine. Most are excreted by the kidneys. Other agents are metabolized or are more highly bound by serum albumin, which prolongs their duration of effect

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5
Q

Pharmacologic effects of thiazides

A

Initially lower blood pressure by increasing blood volume, over the long term the effect is reduction of arterial resistance

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6
Q

NSAIDs effect on thiazides

A

action diminished because they block the production of prostaglandins

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7
Q

Centrally acting alpha 2 agonists

A

Methyldopa (Aldomet) & Clonidine (Catapres)

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8
Q

Methyldopa

A

MOA: Lower arterial pressure by stimulation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

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9
Q

Contraindications of Methyldopa

A

Active hepatic disease, causes positive Coombs test , hemolytic anemia, Category B and frequently a drug choice in treating hypertension in pregnant women.

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10
Q

Adverse reactions of Methyldopa

A

CNS- Sedation, fatigue, depression, dry mouth, postural hypotension, headache and weakness
CV-bradycardia
GI-N/V/Distension and constipation

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11
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

Indicated for hypertension but usually considered a second step drug in conjunction with other agents. Useful with drugs that enhance autonomic reflexes (diuretics or vasodilators)

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12
Q

Contraindications of Clonidine

A

Rebound hypertension that may occur if the drug is suddenly discontinued; treated by resuming therapy or prazosin

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13
Q

Symptoms that may follow abrupt discontinuation of clonidine include

A

increase in BP, Heart rate, anxiety, agitation, nervousness, and sweating, due to activation of SNS or down regulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors

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14
Q

Adverse reactions of clonidine

A

dry mouth and drowsiness, dizziness, bradycardia, and constipation, are common. May also cause anorexia, nightmares, and impotence. Avoid in patients with mental depression

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15
Q

Beta Blockers

A

exacerbate hypoglycemia, decrease anxiety

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16
Q

Alpha Blockers

A

block alpha receptors in blood vessels and allow them to dilate; usually no reflex tachycardia, but do cause peripheral edema

17
Q

First dose effect with alpha blockers

A

Can cause marked hypotension and syncope with the first few doses or with rapid increase in dosage

18
Q

Examples of Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

A

Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin

19
Q

Vasodilators

A

3rd step drugs 1. Diuretic 2. Beta Blocker

20
Q

Vaodilator-Minoxidil

A

enhances elongation thickening and enhanced pigmentation of fine body hair. (Good to use in people with hypertension and renal disease.

21
Q

Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride)

A

Used in hypertensive urgencies

22
Q

Viagra (Sildenafil)

A

Vasodilator

23
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers MOA

A

block calcium channels resulting in decreased rate of SA depolarization and decreased heart rate. Decreases the rate of conduction through the AV node

24
Q

Verapamil

A

CCB used in tx of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

25
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

26
Q

CCB uses

A

Angina, Arrthymias, hypertension

27
Q

Nifedipine side effects

A

Reflex tachycardia and peripheral edema

28
Q

Verapamil side effects

A

Bradycardia; constipation

29
Q

ACE INHIBITORS; END IN -PRIL; MOA

A

INHIBIT ANGIOTENSIN I CONVERTING ENZYE DECREASING AVAILABILITY OF ANGIOTENSIN II,PREVENTING THE RELEASE OF ALDOSTERONE; ALSO INHIBIT THE METABOLISM OF BRADYKININ A VASODILATOR

30
Q

ACE INHIBITORS SIDE EFFECTS

A

COUGH

31
Q

ANGIOTENSIN II

A

MOST POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR

32
Q

NO REFLEX TACHYCARDIA WITH

A

ACE INHIBITORS

33
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE IN TREATING HYPERTENSION IN THE DIABETIC WITH KIDNEY DISEASE

A

ACE INHIBITORS

34
Q

ACE INHIBITORS TREAT

A

HYPERTENSION, HEART FAILURE, DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Advanced Pharmacology (1 decks)

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