cardiovascular drugs Flashcards
The___________ is composed of the heart and blood vessels.
circulatory system
controlled by the ANS
Heart Rate
determined by 1) myocardial contractility (force with which the ventricles contract),2) cardiac afterload, 3) cardiac preload
Cardiac Volume
amount of tension (stretch) applied to a muscle before contraction = force of venous return
Preload
load against which a muscle exerts its force = arterial pressure that the left ventricle overcomes to eject blood
Afterload
Defined as a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure of greater than 90mmHg
Hypertension
amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle and measured in Lpm
Cardiac output
resistance to blood flow that is determined by the diameter of the blood vessels and vascular musculature
SVR
Goal of antihypertensive drugs
Reduction of cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality, JNC 7 –achieve a blood pressure of less than 140/90mmHg and for patients with hypertension and diabetes, less than 130/90mmHg, Individualized considering co-morbidities and impact of patient’s quality of life
What is Diuretics
Drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation that results to the removal of sodium and water from the body
Adverse effect of thiazides
hypokalemia, increase Ca, Lipids, Glucose and uric acid, headache, impotence and decreased libido
Mechanism of action of mannitol
a non-absorbable solute that works on the entire nephron esp. LoHand PCT. Increases osmotic pull in the filtrate which produces a rapid diuresis
acts on the brain by decreasing NE production
Central Acting
at the heart and blood vessels
Peripheral Acting
mechanism of action of ARB’s
block binding of Angiotension II to its receptors and primarily affects the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland
