Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A-Patho/pharm 2 > cardiovascular drugs > Flashcards

cardiovascular drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fatty plaque, loss of elasticity of walls of arteries, narrow, thrombi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cholesterol

A

essential for life but too much LDL is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lipids

A
  • LSL is greatest contributor to ASCVD, storage, bad delivery
  • VLDL/triglyceride: deliver and store
  • HDL (removal): healthy/good, promote removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ASCVD risk assessment

A
  • screen adults and pediatrics
  • race
  • advancing age
  • HTN
  • cigarette smoking
  • diabetes (risk is equivalent)
  • low HDL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

therapeutic lifestyle changes

A
  • exercise
  • diet
  • smoking cessation
  • weight control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dyslipidemia drugs

A
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
  • bile salt sequestrant
  • cholesterol absorption inhibitor
  • fibrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor prototype

A

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

atorvastatin purpose

A
  • reduce LDL
  • increases HDL
  • reduces triglycerides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atorvastatin MoA

A

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and increased LDL receptor sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atorvastatin therapeutic uses

A
  • lowers events related to ASCVD
  • heart failure
  • stroke/MI/death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

atorvastatin side effects

A
  • hepatotoxicity
  • myopathy
  • GI upset
  • memory loss
  • cat x, do not give to pregnant ppl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

atorvastatin nursing interventions/education

A
  • liver function tests before and during therapy
  • jaundice
  • avoid alcohol
  • monitor CK levels and for signs of muscle weakness
  • do not give to ppl with hepatitis
  • use cautiously in older adults
  • administer at bed time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bile salt sequestrant prototype

A

colesevelam or cholestyramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

colesevelam or cholestyramine purpose

A

decreases LDL cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

colesevelam or cholestyramine MoA

A

binds to bile salts and prevents their reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

colesevelam or cholestyramine adverse effects

A

constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

colesevelam or cholestyramine nursing interventions/education

A
  • dose 1 hour before or 4 hours after thiazides, digoxin, and warfarin
  • cholestyramine decrease uptake of fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
  • increase fluids and water
  • take with food and full glass of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cholesterol absorption inhibitors prototype

A

ezetimibe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ezetimibe purpose

A

reduction of total cholesterol, reduction of LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ezetimibe MoA

A
  • inhibits dietary cholesterol absorption in small intestines
  • inhibits reabsorption of cholesterol in bile
  • monotherapy or combined with a statin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ezetimibe adverse effects

A
  • hepatotoxicity
  • muscle pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ezetimibe nursing interventions/education

A
  • monitor liver function tests, signs of dysfunction (jaundice)
  • monitor CK
  • avoid alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fibrates prototype

A

gemfibrozil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gemfibrozil purpose

A

to decrease triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gemfibrozil therapeutic uses
* reduction of VLDL and increase levels of HDL
26
gemfibrozil MoA
decrease TG production and transport
27
gemfibrozil things to keep in mind
* no effect on LDL * no proof of ASCVD mortality reduction * many side effect: 3rd line drug of choice
28
gemfibrozil adverse effects
* rash * gi distress * gallstones * myopathy * hepatotoxicity
29
gemfibrozil nursing interventions/education
* watch for signs of gallbladder disease (RUQ) * monitor CK levels and watch for muscle weakness * monitor liver function tests * increases risk for bleeding when coumadin * proceed with caution if also dosed with statins * take 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner
30
hemodynamics review
* circulatory system (veins, capillaries, arteries) * pulmonary and systemic * cardiac output=HR x stroke volume * stroke volume=preload, afterload, and contractility
31
regulation of blood pressure
* ANS * kidneys * RAAS * natriuretic peptides
32
Current AHA definition of HTN
* primary vs secondary * consequences * heart disease * kidney disease * stroke * death * silent disease
33
diet and lifestyle changes for HTN
* sodium retention * DASH diet * alcohol restriction * exercise * smoking cessation * weight loss
34
antihypertensive drugs
* angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor * angiotensin ll receptor blocker (ARBs) * beta adrenergic blockers * thiazides diuretics - hydrochlorothiazide * calcium channel blockers (CCB) * alpha adrenergic blockers * alpha 2 agonists * vasodilators
35
ace inhibitor prototype
captopril
36
captopril purpose/MoA
block ace from converting angiotensin l to angiotensin ll
37
captopril therapeutic uses
* hypertension * heart failure * MI * nephropathy
38
captopril adverse effects
* first-dose orthostatic hypotension * angioedema * cough * elevated potassium * neutropenia * pregnancy cat d
39
captopril nursing interventions/education
* monitor bp 2 hours after initial dose * monitor potassium levels and WCW count * stop medication if sensitivity reaction occurs * caution with potassium sparing diuretics
40
angiotensin ll receptor blockers (ARBs) prototype
losartan “sartans”
41
losartan purpose/MoA
blocks angiotensin ll from working (vasodilation and excretion of sodium and water)
42
losartan therapeutic uses
* hypertension * heart failure * prevents MI and stroke
43
losartan adverse effects
* angioedema (less than ACE inhibitors) * lower incidence of cough * fetal harm
44
losartan nursing interventions/education
* watch for facial swelling and treat with epinephrine * do not give during pregnancy
45
calcium channel blockers prototype
* diltiazem or nifedipine
46
diltiazem or nifedipine purpose/MoA
* blocks calcium channels in blood vessels * causes vasodilation and prevents vessel spasms * decreases heart rate and contractility
47
diltiazem or nifedipine therapeutic uses
* hypertension * angina * tachycardia/dysrhythmias
48
diltiazem or nifedipine adverse effects
* reflex tachycardia * peripheral edema * acute toxicity * hypotension, bradycardia
49
diltiazem or nifedipine nursing interventions/education
* monitor HR * monitor for edema, weight gain and give diuretic * monitor VS and EKG * use cautiously in older adults * do not give with grapefruit
50
alpha adrenergic blockers prototype
prazosin
51
prazosin purpose/MoA
blocks alpha 1 receptors causing venous dilation and smooth muscle relaxation
52
prazosin therapeutic uses
hypertension (BPH)
53
prazosin adverse effects
first dose orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion * pregnancy cat C
54
prazosin nursing interventions/education
* first dose is given at night * educate about orthostatic hypotension-safety measures * take with food
55
alpha 2 agonists prototype
clonidine
56
clonidine purpose/MoA
* act within the CNS to decrease stimulation of alpha and beta receptors of the heart and vasculature system * lowers heart rate and cardiac output, vasodilation
57
clonidine therapeutic uses
* hypertension * pain (migraines), ADHD * off label use: withdrawal and tourettes
58
clonidine adverse effects
* drowsiness and sedation * dry mouth (xerostomia) * rebound hypertension if abruptly discontinued * pregnancy cat c
59
clonidine nursing interventions/education
* avoid activities that requires mental alertness * chew gum or suck on hard candy * do not discontinue treatment-wean off * if given in addition with other antihypertensives, monitor for hypotension * do not give with other drugs that cause CNS depression or alcohol * given twice a day-larger dose at bedtime * transdermal patches changes every 7 days
60
beta adrenergic blocks “olols” prototype
propranolol
61
propranolol purpose/MoA
* blocks beta 1 and beta 2 receptors cauging * beta 1 -decrease heart rate, contractility, BP and cardiac output * beta 2-constricts bronchi in the lungs
62
propranolol therapeutic uses
* hypertension * angina * tachycardia * heart failure * MI * selective vs nonselective????
63
propranolol adverse effects
* bradycardia (may worsen HF) * decreased cardiac output * orthostatic hypotension * masks signs of hypoglycemia * beta 2 blockade * bronchoconstriction
64
propranolol nursing interventions/education
* monitor heart rate and hold drug if \<60bpm/monitor bp * use cautiously in clients with heart failure and watch for worsening * educate on orthostatic hypotension * avoid nonselective beta blockers if client has asthma or other lung diseases * may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia-monitor blood glucose levels in diabetics closely
65
vasodilators prototype
nitroprusside
66
nitroprusside purpose/MoA
direct vasodilation of arteries and veins causing rapid reduction in blood pressure
67
nitroprusside therapeutic uses
* hypertensive crisis
68
nitroprusside adverse effects
* lots of them * excessive hypotension * cyanide poisoning * toxicity
69
nitroprusside nursing interventions
* protect IV tubing and container from light * continuous monitoring of vitals and ECG
70
antihypotensive drugs
sympathetic adrenergic agonists vasopressor
71
sympathetic adrenergic agonist prototype
epinephrine
72
epinephrine purpose/MoA
* increase BP, blood volume, strength of cardiac contraction * bronchodilation and treatment of bronchospasms * used to treat shock or anaphylaxis
73
epinephrine adverse effects
* severe vasoconstriction * hypertensive crisis * dysrhythmias, angina * hyperglycemia
74
vasopressors/vasoconstrictors prototype
dopamine or dobutamine
75
dopamine/dobutamine
* drugs that raise BP and increase the rate and force of heart contractions * used to maintain blood flow to vital organs * always administer on an infusion pump * vesicants

A-Patho/pharm 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions