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Exam 1 > Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q
A

atrial flutter

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2
Q
A

ventricullar fibrillation

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3
Q
A

premature atrial contraction

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4
Q
A

2nd degree block type 2

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5
Q
A

premature junctional contraction

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6
Q
A

sinus bradycardia

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7
Q
A

1st degree AV block

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8
Q
A

Normal sinus

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9
Q
A

Atrial Fibrillation

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10
Q
A

Sinus arrythmia

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11
Q
A

Sinusventricular tachycardia

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12
Q
A

ventricular tachycardia

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13
Q
A

atrial flutter

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14
Q
A

3rd degree AV block

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15
Q
A

junctional rhythm

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16
Q
A

Premature ventricular contraction

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17
Q
A

Atrial Fibrillation

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18
Q
A

sinusventricular tachycardia

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19
Q
A

sinus tachycardia

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20
Q
A

2nd degree AV block type 1

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21
Q

ectopic rhythm

A

irregular heart rhythm due to a premature heartbeat. Ectopic rhythm is also known as premature atrial contraction, premature ventricular contraction, and extrasystole.

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22
Q

Coronary artery

A

only place in the body perfused during Diastole

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23
Q

organs that take a lot of oxygen and will get damaged quick

A

brain

kidneys

and

heart

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24
Q

left coronary artery

A

branches out into two significant branches

anterior descending branch (contracting of left ventricle, supplies all bundle branches)

circumflex branch

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25
Q

when the anterior descending branch is blocked

A

anterior wall MI

most serious MI

results in death

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26
Q

right coronary artery

A

supplies right side of heart

supplies the SA node and AV node

MI on this side messes up the conduction of the heart. could result in a pacemaker .

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27
Q

SA node is

A

is the pacemaker of the heart

the cells in here generate an electrical impule

This impulse spreads

This causes the atria to contract / depolarization

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28
Q

SA node

A

has an intrisic rate

the rate that it fires at in normal situations (60-100 bpm)

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29
Q

depolarization

A

another term for contraction

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30
Q

AV node

A

gatekeeper. Receives impulses from SA.

lets the impulses through to the ventricles. usually lets it through unless its over 180. Too many beats can cause a block.

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31
Q

AV nodes intrinsic rate

A

40-60 bpm

this is what it creates on its own. (if your SA node gives out)

Normally SA node intrinsic rate wins out

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32
Q

junctional rhythm

A

unstable rhythm

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33
Q

impulse travels

A

impulse goes through the bundle of his, to pukinje fibers, to ventricles

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34
Q

idioventricular rhythm

A

20-40 bpm

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35
Q

ventricles intrinsic rate

A

less than 40 bpm

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36
Q

sympathetic

A

norepinephrine increases heart rate and bp

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37
Q

parasympathetic

A

slows heart rate and BP via acetocholine

38
Q

vagal nerve

A

controlled by parasympathetic nervous system causing your heart rate to slow way way down. ventricle can’t fill with enough blood to contract

39
Q

interupted rhythms

A

when you interupt the rhythm the SA node will pick back up again

40
Q

12 lead ecg

A

4 limb leads

6 B- leads (on chest)

gives you 12 different views. need twelve views to see whats wrong

41
Q

ischemia causes

A

st depression

42
Q

atropine

A

speeds up heart . stimulates sympathetic heart

43
Q

potassium

A

needs to be right at 3.5 -5.5

low potassium irratates the heart causing ectopic rhythms

high potassium depresses the heart causing blocks or a cardiac arrest.

44
Q

calcium

A

too little ventricular arrythmias

too much can cause an MI

45
Q

magnesium

A

needed for calcium to be used by the heart

46
Q

infection can result in

A

increases heart rate.

47
Q

PR interval

A

impulse to get from the SA node through the AV node, just before depolarization.

48
Q

qrs complex

A

depolarization

49
Q

ST segment

A

time between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization

50
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

51
Q

repolarization

A

getting back to stage 0 again

52
Q

sodium

A

sodium make the cells more positive to make the heart contract

then the sodium must get into the blood and push potassium back into the cell .

53
Q

during repolarization you have

A

refractory period

relative or vulnerable refractory period

54
Q

one minute is how many boxes

A

300 boxes

55
Q

one box =

A

0.04 seconds

56
Q

5 boxes

A

.20 secs

57
Q

what are we interested in with a cardiac strip

A

ventricular response

58
Q

pr interval has to be

A

.12-.20 seconds

3-5 little boxes

59
Q

qrs complex

A

.04-.10 secs

1-2 1/2 boxes

60
Q

.12 secs and above on a qrs

A

most likely a bundle branch block

61
Q

st segment

A

should be flat

depressed is ischemia

elevated is cardiac injury

62
Q

st segment is

A

end of ventricular depolarization and begining of repolarization .

63
Q

T wave is

A

repolarization

64
Q

tented T wave

A

hyperkalemia

65
Q

flat plateau T wave

A

hypokalemia

66
Q

qt interval

A

time betweeen the onset ventricular depolarization and the end of ventricular repolarization

average is .34 to .43 is average

67
Q

qt interval should be

A

less than half the distance between 2 consecutive heart beats.

68
Q

causes of bradycardia

A

dig

beta blockers

calcium channel blockers

heart disease

MI

hypothyroidism

hypothermia

increased intercranial pressure

69
Q

bradycardia symptoms

A

dizzy

confusion

SOB

angina

BP low

don’t feel good

70
Q

what do you do for bradycardia

A

give atropine (first)

71
Q

what if you can’t fix the bradycardia

A

they end up with a pacemaker . you can’t continue to give atropine continuously

72
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

below 150 bpm

73
Q

atrial tach

A

above 150 bpm

74
Q

sinus tach symptoms/causes

A

dizzy

pounding sensation

diaphoretic

SOB

caused by stimulants

coffee

nicotine

chocolate

75
Q

sinus tach is treated with

A

beta blockers

calcium channel blocker

76
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

slightly irregular rhythm

everything else looks normal

usually changes upon breathing.

there might be slight differences between the qrs complexes

77
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

children

elderly

athletes

they don’t treat it because you are still getting good cardiac output

78
Q

sinus arrest or block

A

sinus node falls asleep for a minute

79
Q

premature atrial contraction

A

shorter distance between the qrs’s randomly. Still has a P wave, looks normal. But randomly beats are closer

most premature beats are follow by a pause.

non compensatory beat

80
Q

Non- compensatory

A

take 3 beats

move it over and see if the beat is coming in on time .

if it does not come in on time it’s NON compensatory

if it comes in on time, its compensatory

81
Q

causes of PAC’s

A

overtired

stress

smoking

caffeine

drugs (perscribed)

hyperthyroidism

alcohol

82
Q

when is there a problem with PAC’s

A

if there is more than 6 or more a minute

trigenimy’s

if they are happening on the T wave

don’t normally treat unless there is a potential for harm

83
Q

most begnign of the premature beats

A

PAC’s

84
Q

which do you treat first PAC’s or PVC’s

A

PVC’s are more dangerous

85
Q

atrial tachycardia

A

over 151 bpm to 250 bpm

86
Q

difference between Atrial Tach and SuperVentricular Tach

A

you can see a P wave in an atrial tach

87
Q

what do you give for atrial tachycardia

A

calcium channel blocker (IV)

adenosine (IV) only drug given fast

88
Q

Synchronized cardioversion

A

machine synchronizes with patients rhythm so the

shock is NOT delivered on T wave

89
Q

atrial flutter

A

no P waves, flutter waves

250-350 bpm

you can’t hear it with apical pulse because it does not effect ventricular rate

sawtooth pattern

90
Q

treatment for atrial flutter

A

meds (calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, potassium blockers,…)

cardioversion first. Then drugs

91
Q

atrial Fibrillation

A

350-500 bpm (atrial rate)

No P waves., wavy baseline.

second biggest cause of strokes

if ventricular rate is

60-100 -controlled A. Fib

101-150 rapid ventricular response

over 150 - uncontrolled A. Fib

92
Q

A Fib

A

cardioversion

anticoagulant for ones you can’t fix (living with)

they throw clots. (strokes)

Exam 1 (6 decks)

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