Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
A
atrial flutter
2
Q
A
ventricullar fibrillation
3
Q
A
premature atrial contraction
4
Q
A
2nd degree block type 2
5
Q
A
premature junctional contraction
6
Q
A
sinus bradycardia
7
Q
A
1st degree AV block
8
Q
A
Normal sinus
9
Q
A
Atrial Fibrillation
10
Q
A
Sinus arrythmia
11
Q
A
Sinusventricular tachycardia
12
Q
A
ventricular tachycardia
13
Q
A
atrial flutter
14
Q
A
3rd degree AV block
15
Q
A
junctional rhythm
16
Q
A
Premature ventricular contraction
17
Q
A
Atrial Fibrillation
18
Q
A
sinusventricular tachycardia
19
Q
A
sinus tachycardia
20
Q
A
2nd degree AV block type 1
21
Q
ectopic rhythm
A
irregular heart rhythm due to a premature heartbeat. Ectopic rhythm is also known as premature atrial contraction, premature ventricular contraction, and extrasystole.
22
Q
Coronary artery
A
only place in the body perfused during Diastole
23
Q
organs that take a lot of oxygen and will get damaged quick
A
brain
kidneys
and
heart
24
Q
left coronary artery
A
branches out into two significant branches
anterior descending branch (contracting of left ventricle, supplies all bundle branches)
circumflex branch
25
when the anterior descending branch is blocked
anterior wall MI
most serious MI
results in death
26
right coronary artery
supplies right side of heart
supplies the SA node and AV node
MI on this side messes up the conduction of the heart. could result in a pacemaker .
27
SA node is
is the pacemaker of the heart
the cells in here generate an electrical impule
This impulse spreads
This causes the atria to contract / depolarization
28
SA node
has an intrisic rate
the rate that it fires at in normal situations (60-100 bpm)
29
depolarization
another term for contraction
30
AV node
gatekeeper. Receives impulses from SA.
lets the impulses through to the ventricles. usually lets it through unless its over 180. Too many beats can cause a block.
31
AV nodes intrinsic rate
40-60 bpm
this is what it creates on its own. (if your SA node gives out)
Normally SA node intrinsic rate wins out
32
junctional rhythm
unstable rhythm
33
impulse travels
impulse goes through the bundle of his, to pukinje fibers, to ventricles
34
idioventricular rhythm
20-40 bpm
35
ventricles intrinsic rate
less than 40 bpm
36
sympathetic
norepinephrine increases heart rate and bp
37
parasympathetic
slows heart rate and BP via acetocholine
38
vagal nerve
controlled by parasympathetic nervous system causing your heart rate to slow way way down. ventricle can't fill with enough blood to contract
39
interupted rhythms
when you interupt the rhythm the SA node will pick back up again
40
12 lead ecg
4 limb leads
6 B- leads (on chest)
gives you 12 different views. need twelve views to see whats wrong
41
ischemia causes
st depression
42
atropine
speeds up heart . stimulates sympathetic heart
43
potassium
needs to be right at 3.5 -5.5
low potassium irratates the heart causing ectopic rhythms
high potassium depresses the heart causing blocks or a cardiac arrest.
44
calcium
too little ventricular arrythmias
too much can cause an MI
45
magnesium
needed for calcium to be used by the heart
46
infection can result in
increases heart rate.
47
PR interval
impulse to get from the SA node through the AV node, just before depolarization.
48
qrs complex
depolarization
49
ST segment
time between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization
50
T wave
ventricular repolarization
51
repolarization
getting back to stage 0 again
52
sodium
sodium make the cells more positive to make the heart contract
then the sodium must get into the blood and push potassium back into the cell .
53
during repolarization you have
refractory period
relative or vulnerable refractory period
54
one minute is how many boxes
300 boxes
55
one box =
0.04 seconds
56
5 boxes
.20 secs
57
what are we interested in with a cardiac strip
ventricular response
58
pr interval has to be
.12-.20 seconds
3-5 little boxes
59
qrs complex
.04-.10 secs
1-2 1/2 boxes
60
.12 secs and above on a qrs
most likely a bundle branch block
61
st segment
should be flat
depressed is ischemia
elevated is cardiac injury
62
st segment is
end of ventricular depolarization and begining of repolarization .
63
T wave is
repolarization
64
tented T wave
hyperkalemia
65
flat plateau T wave
hypokalemia
66
qt interval
time betweeen the onset ventricular depolarization and the end of ventricular repolarization
average is .34 to .43 is average
67
qt interval should be
less than half the distance between 2 consecutive heart beats.
68
causes of bradycardia
dig
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
heart disease
MI
hypothyroidism
hypothermia
increased intercranial pressure
69
bradycardia symptoms
dizzy
confusion
SOB
angina
BP low
don't feel good
70
what do you do for bradycardia
give atropine (first)
71
what if you can't fix the bradycardia
they end up with a pacemaker . you can't continue to give atropine continuously
72
sinus tachycardia
below 150 bpm
73
atrial tach
above 150 bpm
74
sinus tach symptoms/causes
dizzy
pounding sensation
diaphoretic
SOB
caused by stimulants
coffee
nicotine
chocolate
75
sinus tach is treated with
beta blockers
calcium channel blocker
76
sinus arrhythmia
slightly irregular rhythm
everything else looks normal
usually changes upon breathing.
there might be slight differences between the qrs complexes
77
sinus arrhythmia
children
elderly
athletes
they don't treat it because you are still getting good cardiac output
78
sinus arrest or block
sinus node falls asleep for a minute
79
premature atrial contraction
shorter distance between the qrs's randomly. Still has a P wave, looks normal. But randomly beats are closer
most premature beats are follow by a pause.
non compensatory beat
80
Non- compensatory
take 3 beats
move it over and see if the beat is coming in on time .
if it does not come in on time it's NON compensatory
if it comes in on time, its compensatory
81
causes of PAC's
overtired
stress
smoking
caffeine
drugs (perscribed)
hyperthyroidism
alcohol
82
when is there a problem with PAC's
if there is more than 6 or more a minute
trigenimy's
if they are happening on the T wave
don't normally treat unless there is a potential for harm
83
most begnign of the premature beats
PAC's
84
which do you treat first PAC's or PVC's
PVC's are more dangerous
85
atrial tachycardia
over 151 bpm to 250 bpm
86
difference between Atrial Tach and SuperVentricular Tach
you can see a P wave in an atrial tach
87
what do you give for atrial tachycardia
calcium channel blocker (IV)
adenosine (IV) only drug given fast
88
Synchronized cardioversion
machine synchronizes with patients rhythm so the
shock is NOT delivered on T wave
89
atrial flutter
no P waves, flutter waves
250-350 bpm
you can't hear it with apical pulse because it does not effect ventricular rate
sawtooth pattern
90
treatment for atrial flutter
meds (calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, potassium blockers,...)
cardioversion first. Then drugs
91
atrial Fibrillation
350-500 bpm (atrial rate)
No P waves., wavy baseline.
second biggest cause of strokes
if ventricular rate is
60-100 -controlled A. Fib
101-150 rapid ventricular response
over 150 - uncontrolled A. Fib
92
A Fib
cardioversion
anticoagulant for ones you can't fix (living with)
they throw clots. (strokes)
