Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 1

Right side of the heart

Answer 1

un oxygenated blood

Question 2

Left side of the heart

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood

Question 3

Blood Flow

Answer 3

Vena Cava ( un oxygenated)
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve (to lungs)
Pulmonary Arteries (o2/Co2 exchange)
pulmonary veins
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Aorta

Question 4

Lub

Answer 4

closing of atrioventricular veins

Question 5

Dub

Answer 5

closing of semilunar veins

Question 6

Congenital Cardiac Diseases

Answer 6

patent ductus arteiriosus
arterial and ventricular septal defects (ASD/VSD)
stenotic valves (narrow)
tetrology of fallot
persistent right aortic arch
sub aortic stenosis

Question 7

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 7

important in fetal development
normally closes first 12-24 hours
blood flows from aorta to pulmonary artery/lungs
young female dogs
emergency: blood not oxygenated, patient cynotic

Question 8

Atrial and ventricular septal defects

Answer 8

mixing of oxygenated and un
oxygenated blood
common in cats
left side=overload of heart, CHF

Question 9

stenotic valves

Answer 9

malformed leading to narrowing of outflow

Question 10

pulmonic stenosis

Answer 10

narrowing of right ventricular flow tract

Question 11

aortic stenosis

Answer 11

narrowing of left ventricular outflow tract
syncope, exercise intolerence, right sided CHF (ascites/abdomen), jugular pulse
balloon valvuloplasty, patchy graft

Question 12

subartic stenosis

Answer 12

thickening of endocardial tissue just below aortic valve
obstruct left ventricular outflow tract
large breed dogs
left sided CFH, endocarditis, sudden death

Question 13

Tertology of Fallot

Answer 13

genetically transmitted malformation of heart

1. right ventricular outflow obstruction (pulmonic stenosis)
2. secondary right ventricular hypertrophy
3. sub aortic VSD (ventricular septal defect)
4. overriding aorta (dextropositioned aorta)

keeshond, English bull dog, cats
stunted growth, exercise intolerence, collapse, cynosis, sudden death
can tolerate for years or sudden death
regular phlebotomy or surgical correction

Question 14

Persistent Right Aortic Arch

Answer 14

common (fetal) malformation of vascular system
“trapping” of esophagus and restricts passage of food
large breed dogs
surgical correction, radiology with barrium

Question 15

Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency

Answer 15

most common cardiovascular disorder dogs
rare in cats
progressive CHF in small dogs

Question 16

Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Answer 16

stiff, malformed leaflets fail to close

coughing, dyspenia

Question 17

Mitral Valve Insufficiency

Answer 17

small breed/toy dogs
cough: worse at night or exercise
pulmonary edema
mitral valve leaflet thickened

Question 18

Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

Answer 18

plural effusion, abdominal distension (ascites), hepatomegaly
atrial fibrillation could develop

Question 19

Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 19

large and giant breed dogs
myocardium weak and flabby
murmur mitral regurgitation
progressive fatal 6 mo to 2 yrs

Question 20

Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 20

taurine deficiency
older, mixed breed cats
good prognosis in first 2 weeks…

Question 21

Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

cats-esp. neutered males
left side predominant
thickened and stiff ventricle
thromboembolism

Question 22

Feline Thromboembolism

Answer 22

secondary to heart disease in cats
decreased circulation/paralysis rear legs
prognosis guarded to poor

Question 23

Heartworm Disease

Answer 23

3-8 years ave age detection
outdoor male dogs
right sided heart failure
cats more resistent- antigen test may not detect
adulticide not recommended

Question 24

Arrhythmia

Answer 24

deviations from normal heart rate or rhythms from abnormal location in heart
reduce blood flow

Question 25

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 25

no organized atrial contraction
large breed dogs
dogs sometimes underlying cardiac disease
cats always have underlying cardiac disease

Question 26

Canine Hemangiosarcoma

Answer 26

malignant tumor in dogs
endothelial cells
right auricle
bleeding in pericardial sac
compression of the heart

Question 27

Chemodectoma

Answer 27

heart base tumor, aortic body tumor