Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What is the current survival rate of adults patients that experience cardiac arrest outside the hospital

Answer 1

Less than 5%

Question 2

Survival rate of adult patients who experience cardiac arrest in a hospital

Answer 2

22%

Question 3

Warning signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest appear _____ _______ before the arrest takes place

Answer 3

2 weeks

Question 4

What are the symptoms of cardiac arrest for men and women

Answer 4

MEN - chest pain

WOMEN - shortness of breath

Question 5

What is the first sign of coronary artery disease?

Answer 5

heart attack

Question 6

How many americans are estimated to have some form of Cardiovascular Disease?

Answer 6

70 million / 25% of population

13 million with coronary artery diesase

Question 7

What is the leading cause of death in the US after the age of 65?

Answer 7

Cardiovascular disease

Question 8

30% of heart disease risk stems from…

Answer 8

genetic factors

Question 9

men develop heart disease ___ ______ earlier than women

Answer 9

10 years

**women “catch up” post menopause

Question 10

Who is most at risk for heart disease

Answer 10

African Americans

Question 11

Most modifiable risk for heart disease is

Answer 11

Smoking

Question 12

Risks factors for heart disease

Answer 12

smoking
excessive alcohol use
stress
obesity
diabetes
cholesterol
hypertension
sleep apnea

Question 13

General warning signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease

Answer 13

extreme fatigue
constant dizziness
fast heart rate (>100bpm)
new, irregular heartbeat
Chest pain
difficulty breathing
nausea
cold sweats
edema

*women’s symptoms include indigestion, shortness of breath, back pain

Question 14

What is edema

Answer 14

fluid retention
severe pitting
mild

Question 15

what is stenosis

Answer 15

narrowing or obstruction
usually aortic valve

Question 16

what can cause stenosis?

Answer 16

rheumatic fever
calcification of valve
congenital abnormalities

Question 17

What is dyspnea?

Answer 17

Breathing that is difficult labored and uncomfortable

Question 18

What is orthopnea

Answer 18

difficulty breathing when lying down

Question 19

what are causes of oprthopnea?

Answer 19

Heart failure
COPD
Panic disorder
sleep apnea

Question 20

What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes

Answer 20

CAD (coronary artery disease)

Question 21

What is Coronary artery disease?

Answer 21

decreased or blocked blood flow to the heart due to plaque (cholesterol) build up

Question 22

If you have diabetes you are ______ as likely to have heart disease or stroke as someone who doesn’t have diabetes

Answer 22

twice

Question 23

What should people with diabetes do to help manage the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 23

A - get a regular A1c test
b - try to keep blood pressure WNR
C - manage your Cholesterol levels

s- stop smoking

Question 24

Elevation in serum lipid levels and increased blood pressure are a major risk factor for what?

Answer 24

atherosclerosis

Question 25

is systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure more strongly related to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 25

systolic blood pressure

Question 26

Systolic blood pressure ___ throughout life

Answer 26

rises

Question 27

what is angina pectoris?

Answer 27

Chest pain is the most important symptom

described as a sensation of aching heavy squeezing pressure

tightness in the mid-chest region

usually brief lasts 5-15 minutes
*stops when the provoking stimulus stops

Question 28

Can hyperventilation cause chest pain?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

What causes angina pectoris?

Answer 29

insufficient blood supply to the cardiac muscle

Question 30

When can angina pectoris be observed in absence of coronary obsturction?

Answer 30

anemia
hypoxemia
profound hypotension

Question 31

Angina episodes can be precipitated by…

Answer 31

stress
anxiety
physical activity

Question 32

True or False
Vitals are usually normal in those with angina pectoris

Answer 32

true

Question 33

What is stable angina pectoris?

Answer 33

pain that is predictable reproducible unchanging and consistent over time

Question 34

When is pain usually precipitated in stable angina?

Answer 34

physical effort such as walking or climbing stairs

eating (indigestion) or stress

Question 35

How do you relieve pain caused by stable angina pectoris?

Answer 35

cessation of the precipitating activity
rest
nitroglycerin

Question 36

What is unstable angina pectoris?

Answer 36

new-onset pain increasing in frequency and or intensity and is precipitated by less effort than before

also occurs at rest

Question 37

True or False
Pain caused by unstable angina pectoris is relieved by nitroglycerin?

Answer 37

False

it is not relieved by nitroglycerin