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Fundamentals Exam > Cardiovascular Conditions and Management > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Conditions and Management Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of ACS?

A

Angina
STEMI
NSTEMI

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2
Q

Define acute coronary syndrome:

A

Decreased blood flow through the arteries due to a narrowing or blockage

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3
Q

What is some management tools for ACS?

A

minimal movement
2 pain scores
Aspirin - anti platelets
GTN - nitrates
Analgesia - paracetamol etc

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4
Q

What is angina?

A

Reduced flow of blood to the myocardium (cardiac muscle). Becomes ischemic and has an accumulation of carbon dioxide/ lactic acid.

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5
Q

What is ischemia?,h

A

À condition where blood flow is restricted or reduced to a part of the body

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6
Q

What is considered stable angina?

A

Triggered by exertion
Lasts 1-5 mins

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7
Q

What does infarction mean?

A

Tissue death

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8
Q

What conditions are included within cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

Coronary heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
DVT and PE
Congenital heart disease

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9
Q

What are the risks for CVD?

A

Smoking
Age
Sex
Diet
Stress
Diabetes
Drinking

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10
Q

Define pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pericarditis?

A

Cough
Fatigue
Relieved sitting forward
Global ST elevation
T wave changes
SOB

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12
Q

What is the management of pericarditis?

A

Analgesia
Comfort

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13
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Inflammation to the endocardium caused by bacteria or pathogens in the blood.

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of endocarditis?

A

Headache
Increased temp
Chills
Night sweats
SOB
Cough
Muscle pain
Swelling in arms/ legs

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15
Q

What is the management for endocarditis?

A

Pain relief
Treat symptoms
Transport to ED

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16
Q

What is an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA)?

A

Swelling within the aorta.
A local dilation of arteries, can bulge, dissect or rupture.

17
Q

What is an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA)?

A

Swelling within the aorta.
A local dilation of arteries, can bulge, dissect or rupture.

18
Q

What is the symptoms of an AAA?

A

Pain in abdomen
Pain in back/ groin
Difficult to palpate

19
Q

What is the management for an AAA?

A

Oxygen
Analgesia
Maintain systolic BP - 70-90 mmHg

20
Q

What is heart failure?

A

Functional disorder that causes reduced cardiac output

21
Q

What are some symptoms and signs of heart failure?

A

Ankle odema
Tachycardia
Bi-basal crackles
3/4 heart sounds
Left sided heart failure:
Cyanosis
Frothy cough
Increased WOB
SOB
Right sided heart failure:
GI issues
Reduced liver function
Increased JVP

22
Q

What is the management or treatment for heart failure?

A

GTN
Oxygen
?pre alert
IV frusomide

23
Q

What is an NSTEMI

A

ECG changes within ischemia
Upslopping
Downsloping
St depression
T wave flat/ inversion

Fundamentals Exam (2 decks)

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