Cardiovascular Conditions and Management Flashcards
What are some examples of ACS?
Angina
STEMI
NSTEMI
Define acute coronary syndrome:
Decreased blood flow through the arteries due to a narrowing or blockage
What is some management tools for ACS?
minimal movement
2 pain scores
Aspirin - anti platelets
GTN - nitrates
Analgesia - paracetamol etc
What is angina?
Reduced flow of blood to the myocardium (cardiac muscle). Becomes ischemic and has an accumulation of carbon dioxide/ lactic acid.
What is ischemia?,h
À condition where blood flow is restricted or reduced to a part of the body
What is considered stable angina?
Triggered by exertion
Lasts 1-5 mins
What does infarction mean?
Tissue death
What conditions are included within cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Coronary heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
DVT and PE
Congenital heart disease
What are the risks for CVD?
Smoking
Age
Sex
Diet
Stress
Diabetes
Drinking
Define pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
What are the signs and symptoms of pericarditis?
Cough
Fatigue
Relieved sitting forward
Global ST elevation
T wave changes
SOB
What is the management of pericarditis?
Analgesia
Comfort
What is endocarditis?
Inflammation to the endocardium caused by bacteria or pathogens in the blood.
What are the signs and symptoms of endocarditis?
Headache
Increased temp
Chills
Night sweats
SOB
Cough
Muscle pain
Swelling in arms/ legs
What is the management for endocarditis?
Pain relief
Treat symptoms
Transport to ED
What is an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA)?
Swelling within the aorta.
A local dilation of arteries, can bulge, dissect or rupture.
What is an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA)?
Swelling within the aorta.
A local dilation of arteries, can bulge, dissect or rupture.
What is the symptoms of an AAA?
Pain in abdomen
Pain in back/ groin
Difficult to palpate
What is the management for an AAA?
Oxygen
Analgesia
Maintain systolic BP - 70-90 mmHg
What is heart failure?
Functional disorder that causes reduced cardiac output
What are some symptoms and signs of heart failure?
Ankle odema
Tachycardia
Bi-basal crackles
3/4 heart sounds
Left sided heart failure:
Cyanosis
Frothy cough
Increased WOB
SOB
Right sided heart failure:
GI issues
Reduced liver function
Increased JVP
What is the management or treatment for heart failure?
GTN
Oxygen
?pre alert
IV frusomide
What is an NSTEMI
ECG changes within ischemia
Upslopping
Downsloping
St depression
T wave flat/ inversion
