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Pregnancy > Cardiovascular changes > Flashcards

Cardiovascular changes Flashcards

1
Q

How much % does resting cardiac output increase?

A

30-50%

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2
Q

How much % does resting HR increase by?

A

25%

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3
Q

How many bts.min does resting HR increase in 1st and 2nd/3rd trimester?

A

1st = 5-10bts.min

2nd/3rd = 15bts.min

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4
Q

What 2 things stimulates the HR increase?

A

Increased Oestrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin

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5
Q

What does Oestrogen and progesterone do to resistance??

A

Reduce peripheral vascular resistance.

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6
Q

How much is peripheral vascular resistance reduced by from the Oestrogen and progesterone?

A

20%

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7
Q

Why does HR increase due to the peripheral vasodilation?

A

To maintain/increase BP.

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8
Q

What nervous system is increased so that HR can be increased?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

How much % does SV increase by?

A

25%

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10
Q

What causes an increase in blood volume?

A

Progesterone increases production on Renin which reabsorbs sodium and makes blood more concentrated - expand plasma volume.

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11
Q

What causes an increase in left ventricle size?

A

Maternal hormones

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12
Q

Oestrogen stimulates myocardial … and increased … ?

A

Hypertrophy

Contractility

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13
Q

The increased blood volume which stimulates myocardial hypertrophy is what sort of growth?

A

Eccentric

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14
Q

How much growth in SV even by the 1st trimester?

A

10%

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15
Q

What happens to afterload which means SV must be increased?

A

Afterload reduced.

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16
Q

How much is blood volume increased by?

A

35 -50%

17
Q

The increased blood volume is offset by an increase in what?

A

Venous capacitance

  • This then means blood pressure is not increased.
18
Q

What is postural hypertension?

A

Sudden increased in blood pressure when stand up.

19
Q

What mechanisms help prevent hyperthermia during exercise?

A

Increased vasodilation at the skin, increases heat loss

20
Q

What does Anaemia result from?

A

Relatively greater increase in plasma volume than red cell mass.

21
Q

How much % is RBC mass increased by?

A

20%

22
Q

How much Hb is there pre pregnancy and then in 3rd trimester?

A

150g. L pre

120g. L 3rd trimester

23
Q

Blood becomes slightly … due to increase in blood volume and not as much increase in RBC?

A

DILATED

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE - White cell production also increased?

A

TRUE

25
Q

Extra fluid in system will help protect against what at birth?

A

Haemorrhage - blood loss at birth

26
Q

Why is there a blood clotting risk?

A

Relaxation of the blood vessel walls with hormonal changes and pressure of uterus on inferior vena cave

27
Q

How does exercise assist decreasing risk of blood clot?

A

Increases muscle pump and stop congestion as blood flow increases in legs and feet with exercise

Pregnancy (5 decks)

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