Cardiovascular Buzzwords

Question 1

Lub

Answer 1

S1

Question 2

Dub

Answer 2

S2

Question 3

Kentucky

Answer 3

S1, S2, S3

Question 4

Tennessee

Answer 4

S4, S1, S2

Question 5

S3

Answer 5

Dilated ventricle

Question 6

S4

Answer 6

hypertrophied ventricle

Question 7

Splitting of S2 on inspiration only?

Answer 7

Physiological splitting

Question 8

Splitting of S2 on inspiration and expiration, but more-so on inspiration than on expiration?

Answer 8

PS

RBBB

Question 9

Splitting of S2 on inspiration and expiration, to the same extent in both phases?

Answer 9

ASD

Question 10

Reversed splitting of S2?`

Answer 10

AS

LBBB

Question 11

What might you palpate if you hear an S3 due to AR?

Answer 11

Displaced apex beat

Question 12

What might you palpate if you hear an S4 which is due to HT?

Answer 12

Heaving / hyperdyanmic / pressure loaded apex beat

Question 13

What might you palpate if you hear a S4 due to pulmomary hypertension?

Answer 13

Left parasternal heave

Question 14

What will definitely cause a soft second heart sound?

Answer 14

AS

PS

Question 15

What added sound might you hear in AS?

Answer 15

S4

Question 16

Ejection systolic click

Answer 16

In mild cases of AS

Question 17

systolic ejection murmur

Answer 17

AS

PS

Question 18

crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Answer 18

AS

Question 19

When are the murmurs of the L heart loudest?

Answer 19

expiration

Question 20

When are the murmurs of the right heart loudest?

Answer 20

inspiration

Question 21

How do you DDX AS and HOCM?

Answer 21

Valsalva increases HOCM ES murmur

Valsalve decreases AS murmur

Question 22

What feature of BP might you find on AS?

Answer 22

Narrow PP

Question 23

What characteristics of the carotid pulse might you palpate with AS?

Answer 23

Parvus et tardus

Slow rising

Small volume

Plateau

Question 24

Slow rising, small volume pulse?

Answer 24

AS

Question 25

Anacrotic pulse?

Answer 25

AS

Question 26

Signs of clinical severity of AS?

Answer 26

• •Narrow pulse pressure
• •Soft S2
• •Reverse splitting of S2
• •Systolic thrill
• •Heaving apex beat
• •S4
• •Cardiac failure

Question 27

Where does AS radiate?

Answer 27

carotids

may radiate to the apex (Gallavradin phenomenon)

Question 28

What type of mumur in AR?

Where is it best heard?

Answer 28

Early diastolic murmur

“Blowing”

Lower left sternal edge

Question 29

What might you see on BP in AR?

Answer 29

Wide pulse pressure

Question 30

What are the pulse characteristics in AR?

Answer 30

Water hammer (peripheral)

Collapsing (central)

Bounding

Question 31

What are the peripheral signs of AR?

Answer 31

Corrigan’s Sign

De Musset Sign

Muller’s Sign

Question 32

What type of murmur is heard in MS?

Answer 32

Mid diastolic murmur

Question 33

Opening snap + mid diastolic mumur?

Answer 33

Mitral stenosis (less severe)

Question 34

What might be felt on palpation of the praecordium of MS?

Answer 34

Tapping apex beat

Question 35

What might you hear when MS is not severe?

Answer 35

Loud S1

Opening snap

Tapping apex beat

Question 36

Opening snap = what valvular pathology?

Answer 36

Mitral stenosis (not severe)

Associated with mid diastolic murmur

Question 37

Systolic ejection click = what type of murmur?

Answer 37

Aortic stenosis (mild cases)

Associated with ejection systolic murmur

Question 38

What ECG findings are suggesting of MS?

Answer 38

bifid P waves

Question 39

Where can mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation radiate?

Answer 39

axilla

border of scapula