Cardiovascular Buzzwords Flashcards
Lub
S1
Dub
S2
Kentucky
S1, S2, S3
Tennessee
S4, S1, S2
S3
Dilated ventricle
S4
hypertrophied ventricle
Splitting of S2 on inspiration only?
Physiological splitting
Splitting of S2 on inspiration and expiration, but more-so on inspiration than on expiration?
PS
RBBB
Splitting of S2 on inspiration and expiration, to the same extent in both phases?
ASD
Reversed splitting of S2?`
AS
LBBB
What might you palpate if you hear an S3 due to AR?
Displaced apex beat
What might you palpate if you hear an S4 which is due to HT?
Heaving / hyperdyanmic / pressure loaded apex beat
What might you palpate if you hear a S4 due to pulmomary hypertension?
Left parasternal heave
What will definitely cause a soft second heart sound?
AS
PS
What added sound might you hear in AS?
S4
Ejection systolic click
In mild cases of AS
systolic ejection murmur
AS
PS
crescendo-decrescendo murmur
AS
When are the murmurs of the L heart loudest?
expiration
When are the murmurs of the right heart loudest?
inspiration
How do you DDX AS and HOCM?
Valsalva increases HOCM ES murmur
Valsalve decreases AS murmur
What feature of BP might you find on AS?
Narrow PP
What characteristics of the carotid pulse might you palpate with AS?
Parvus et tardus
Slow rising
Small volume
Plateau
Slow rising, small volume pulse?
AS
Anacrotic pulse?
AS
Signs of clinical severity of AS?
- •Narrow pulse pressure
- •Soft S2
- •Reverse splitting of S2
- •Systolic thrill
- •Heaving apex beat
- •S4
- •Cardiac failure
Where does AS radiate?
carotids
may radiate to the apex (Gallavradin phenomenon)
What type of mumur in AR?
Where is it best heard?
Early diastolic murmur
“Blowing”
Lower left sternal edge
What might you see on BP in AR?
Wide pulse pressure
What are the pulse characteristics in AR?
Water hammer (peripheral)
Collapsing (central)
Bounding
What are the peripheral signs of AR?
Corrigan’s Sign
De Musset Sign
Muller’s Sign
What type of murmur is heard in MS?
Mid diastolic murmur
Opening snap + mid diastolic mumur?
Mitral stenosis (less severe)
What might be felt on palpation of the praecordium of MS?
Tapping apex beat
What might you hear when MS is not severe?
Loud S1
Opening snap
Tapping apex beat
Opening snap = what valvular pathology?
Mitral stenosis (not severe)
Associated with mid diastolic murmur
Systolic ejection click = what type of murmur?
Aortic stenosis (mild cases)
Associated with ejection systolic murmur
What ECG findings are suggesting of MS?
bifid P waves
Where can mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation radiate?
axilla
border of scapula
