Cardiovascular BNF chapter TWO Flashcards
1
Q
Define the following terms
Positive ionotrope, negative ionotrope, arrythmia, supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation
A
- Positive ionotrope - drug that stimulate heart muscle contraction
- Negative ionotrope - drug that reduces heart contractions
- arrythmia - deviation from normal rhythm
- Atrial fibrillation - Rapid heart rate cause by disorganised electrical acitivity.
2
Q
Name two cardiac glycosides and answer the following questions about them
- The common side effects
- What is an important factor that determines dose
- what predisposes toxicity and a cure for toxicity
- Sign and symptoms of toxicity
A
- Digoxin and Digitoxin
- Have a long half (usually ONE daily) and renal function is important in determining dose
- Hypokalaemia predisposes toxicity, can be given potassium-sparing diuretics or supplements
- Toxicity is suspected using the mnemonic SLOW SICK - the patient will be nauseous and vomit, confusion and blurred vision - digibind in the antidote
3
Q
Name two thiazide diuretics and explain the difference in their indication
A
Bendroflumethiazide is can be used for hypertension and oedema wheres indapamide is used only for essential hypertension.
4
Q
List the side effects of thiazide diuretics and note any counselling points that differ between the two thiazed diuretics
A
Side effects include - GI disturbances, postural hypotention, hypokalaemia + natraemia. Low ion levels like magnesium, calcium. Can exacerbate gout.
- Patient counselling points - they act within one or TWO hours and can last for 12 to 24 hours
- Cause hypokalaemia (not for cardiac glycosides)
- Indapamide is less likely to cause diabetes than bendroflumethiazide