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A&P II Heart/Blood > *Cardiovascular: BLOOD* > Flashcards

*Cardiovascular: BLOOD* Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma is:

A

A colloidal Solution

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2
Q

The liquid portion of the blood with fibrinogen and some of the clotting proteins removed is:

A

Serum

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3
Q

Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen are examples of:

A

Plasma Proteins

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4
Q

Which of these leukocytes is an agranulocyte?

A

A. Basophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Neutrophil
D. Lymphocyte —-Correct answer.

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5
Q

Which of these areas does NOT contain red marrow in the adult?

A

A. Sternum
B. Ribs
C. Pelvis
D. Distal Femur….. Correct answer.

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6
Q

The process of erythropoiesis:

A
  • Requires vitamin B12 and folate.

- Is stimulated when oxygen decreased in the blood.

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7
Q

Cells in the red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed elements of the blood are called:

A

stem cells

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8
Q

Which of these is not found in erythrocytes?

A 
A. Lipids
B. ATP
C. Hemoglobin
D. Ribosome....Correct Answer.
E. Carbonic Anhydrase
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9
Q

Erythrocytes:

A

Are biconcave disks

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10
Q

In the process of hemopoiesis, myeloblasts give rise to:

A

Basophils

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11
Q

In the following reaction, what does “A” represent?

CO2 + H2O ?-? H2CO3 ?-? H+ + “A”

A

Bicarbonate Ion

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12
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule has __________ heme group(s) and __________ globin molecule(s)

A
  • 4 heme groups

- 4 globin molecules

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13
Q

The form of hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide attached is called:

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

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14
Q

In addition to transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide, hemoglobin also transports:

A

nitric oxide

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15
Q

Which of these conditions occur in a normal individual living at a high altitude?

A

Secondary Polycythemia

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16
Q

Pernicious anemia is an example of:

Why?

A

Pernicious Anemia is caused by inadequate vitamin B12

17
Q

Which of these components of hemoglobin is correctly matched with its fate following the destruction of an erythrocyte?

A

globin, broken down into amino acids

18
Q

Arrange the following five events in the order they occur as erythrocytes are broken down:

  1. bilirubin is conjugated to glucuronic acid
  2. bilirubin is excreted in bile
  3. biliverdin is produced
  4. free bilirubin is produced
  5. hemoglobin is broken down to heme groups and globin molecules
A
  1. Hemoglobin is broken down to heme groups and globin molecules.
  2. Biliverdin is produced
  3. Free bilirubin is produced
  4. Biliburin is conjugated to glucuronic acid
  5. Bilirubin is excreted in bile
    5,
19
Q

Old, damaged, or defective erythrocytes are removed from the blood by:

A

Macrophages

20
Q

Jaundice is a buildup of _______in the circulation and interstitial spaces.

A

Bilirubin

21
Q

Arrange the following formed elements in the correct order from most numerous to least numerous in normal blood:

  1. erythrocytes
  2. leukocytes
  3. thrombocytes
A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Thrombocytes
  3. Leukocytes

1, 3, 2

22
Q

____Are phagocytic, have a trilobed nucleus, and make up the largest percentage of leukocytes.

A

Neutrophils

23
Q

These leukocytes produce enzymes that reduce the inflammatory response and are associated with allergies or parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophils

24
Q

These leukocytes produce heparin and histamine; they play a role in inflammatory and allergic reactions.

A

Basophils

25
Q

______ are the smallest leukocytes; some produce antibodies.

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

which leukocyte’s main function is phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils

27
Q

Arrange the following events in the order in which they occur during platelet plug formation:

  1. platelet adhesion
  2. platelet aggregation
  3. platelet release reaction
A

1,3,2

  1. Platelet adhesion
  2. Platelet aggregation
  3. Platelet release reaction
28
Q

what are true regarding coagulation?

A
  • Prothrombinase catalyzes the breakdown of prothrombin to thrombin.
  • Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
  • Antithrombin inactivates thrombin
  • Prostacyclin and heparin are anticoagulants.
29
Q

correct order of these chemicals:

  1. fibrin
  2. fibrinogen
  3. prothrombinase
  4. thrombin
  5. tissue factor
A

5,3,4,2,1

  1. tissue factors
  2. Prothrombinase
  3. Thrombin
  4. Fibrinogen
  5. Fibrin
30
Q

Clotting is:

A

Both extrinsic and intrinsic clotting pathways form prothrombinase.
Clotting does require vitamin K as it is a vitamin needed for the production of clotting factors, but iron is not required.

31
Q

Which chemical is involved in the breakdown of a clot (fibrinolysis)?

A

Plasmin is the enzyme that hydrolyzes fibrin, resulting in the break down of blood clots. Heparin causes the inactivation of thrombin.

32
Q

What is coronary Thrombosis?

A

blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot

33
Q

For someone having a coronary thrombosis, which of these chemicals is the most effective to inject? Why?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) would be the most effective chemical to inject. It converts plasminogen into plasmin, an enzyme that can dissolve clots by hydrolyzing fibrin.

34
Q

A-negative blood can probably be safely donated to a person with A-positive blood.

A

True

35
Q

statements about Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is (are) true?

A
  • Before birth, bilirubin produced by ruptured erythrocytes is removed through the placenta.
  • This condition usually occurs with the second Rh-positive pregnancy of the Rh-negative mother.
  • After birth, this condition may continue because maternal antibodies are still present in the baby’s system.
  • Jaundice may occur if bilirubin accumulates in tissues.
36
Q

Hematocrit is a measure of:

A

the percentage of total blood volume composed of erythrocytes.

37
Q

what condition often causes leukocytosis?

A

Leukemia

38
Q

The neutrophil count is often greatly increased in a patient with:

A

A bacterial infection

A&P II Heart/Blood (4 decks)

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