*Cardiovascular: BLOOD*

Question 1

Plasma is:

Answer 1

A colloidal Solution

Question 2

The liquid portion of the blood with fibrinogen and some of the clotting proteins removed is:

Answer 2

Serum

Question 3

Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen are examples of:

Answer 3

Plasma Proteins

Question 4

Which of these leukocytes is an agranulocyte?

Answer 4

A. Basophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Neutrophil
D. Lymphocyte —-Correct answer.

Question 5

Which of these areas does NOT contain red marrow in the adult?

Answer 5

A. Sternum
B. Ribs
C. Pelvis
D. Distal Femur….. Correct answer.

Question 6

The process of erythropoiesis:

Answer 6

• Requires vitamin B12 and folate.

- Is stimulated when oxygen decreased in the blood.

Question 7

Cells in the red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed elements of the blood are called:

Answer 7

stem cells

Question 8

Which of these is not found in erythrocytes?

Answer 8

A. Lipids
B. ATP
C. Hemoglobin
D. Ribosome....Correct Answer.
E. Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 9

Erythrocytes:

Answer 9

Are biconcave disks

Question 10

In the process of hemopoiesis, myeloblasts give rise to:

Answer 10

Basophils

Question 11

In the following reaction, what does “A” represent?

CO2 + H2O ?-? H2CO3 ?-? H+ + “A”

Answer 11

Bicarbonate Ion

Question 12

Each hemoglobin molecule has __________ heme group(s) and __________ globin molecule(s)

Answer 12

• 4 heme groups

- 4 globin molecules

Question 13

The form of hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide attached is called:

Answer 13

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 14

In addition to transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide, hemoglobin also transports:

Answer 14

nitric oxide

Question 15

Which of these conditions occur in a normal individual living at a high altitude?

Answer 15

Secondary Polycythemia

Question 16

Pernicious anemia is an example of:

Why?

Answer 16

Pernicious Anemia is caused by inadequate vitamin B12

Question 17

Which of these components of hemoglobin is correctly matched with its fate following the destruction of an erythrocyte?

Answer 17

globin, broken down into amino acids

Question 18

Arrange the following five events in the order they occur as erythrocytes are broken down:

1. bilirubin is conjugated to glucuronic acid
2. bilirubin is excreted in bile
3. biliverdin is produced
4. free bilirubin is produced
5. hemoglobin is broken down to heme groups and globin molecules

Answer 18

5. Hemoglobin is broken down to heme groups and globin molecules.
6. Biliverdin is produced
7. Free bilirubin is produced
8. Biliburin is conjugated to glucuronic acid
9. Bilirubin is excreted in bile
   5,

Question 19

Old, damaged, or defective erythrocytes are removed from the blood by:

Answer 19

Macrophages

Question 20

Jaundice is a buildup of _______in the circulation and interstitial spaces.

Answer 20

Bilirubin

Question 21

Arrange the following formed elements in the correct order from most numerous to least numerous in normal blood:

1. erythrocytes
2. leukocytes
3. thrombocytes

Answer 21

1. Erythrocytes
2. Thrombocytes
3. Leukocytes

1, 3, 2

Question 22

____Are phagocytic, have a trilobed nucleus, and make up the largest percentage of leukocytes.

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

These leukocytes produce enzymes that reduce the inflammatory response and are associated with allergies or parasitic infections.

Answer 23

Eosinophils

Question 24

These leukocytes produce heparin and histamine; they play a role in inflammatory and allergic reactions.

Answer 24

Basophils

Question 25

______ are the smallest leukocytes; some produce antibodies.

Answer 25

Lymphocytes

Question 26

which leukocyte's main function is phagocytosis?

Answer 26

Neutrophils

Question 27

Arrange the following events in the order in which they occur during platelet plug formation: 1. platelet adhesion 2. platelet aggregation 3. platelet release reaction

Answer 27

1,3,2 1. Platelet adhesion 2. Platelet aggregation 3. Platelet release reaction

Question 28

what are true regarding coagulation?

Answer 28

- Prothrombinase catalyzes the breakdown of prothrombin to thrombin. - Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. - Antithrombin inactivates thrombin - Prostacyclin and heparin are anticoagulants.

Question 29

correct order of these chemicals: 1. fibrin 2. fibrinogen 3. prothrombinase 4. thrombin 5. tissue factor

Answer 29

5,3,4,2,1 5. tissue factors 3. Prothrombinase 4. Thrombin 2. Fibrinogen 1. Fibrin

Question 30

Clotting is:

Answer 30

Both extrinsic and intrinsic clotting pathways form prothrombinase. Clotting does require vitamin K as it is a vitamin needed for the production of clotting factors, but iron is not required.

Question 31

Which chemical is involved in the breakdown of a clot (fibrinolysis)?

Answer 31

Plasmin is the enzyme that hydrolyzes fibrin, resulting in the break down of blood clots. Heparin causes the inactivation of thrombin.

Question 32

What is coronary Thrombosis?

Answer 32

blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot

Question 33

For someone having a coronary thrombosis, which of these chemicals is the most effective to inject? Why?

Answer 33

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) would be the most effective chemical to inject. It converts plasminogen into plasmin, an enzyme that can dissolve clots by hydrolyzing fibrin.

Question 34

A-negative blood can probably be safely donated to a person with A-positive blood.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

statements about Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is (are) true?

Answer 35

- Before birth, bilirubin produced by ruptured erythrocytes is removed through the placenta. - This condition usually occurs with the second Rh-positive pregnancy of the Rh-negative mother. - After birth, this condition may continue because maternal antibodies are still present in the baby's system. - Jaundice may occur if bilirubin accumulates in tissues.

Question 36

Hematocrit is a measure of:

Answer 36

the percentage of total blood volume composed of erythrocytes.

Question 37

what condition often causes leukocytosis?

Answer 37

Leukemia

Question 38

The neutrophil count is often greatly increased in a patient with:

Answer 38

A bacterial infection