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Completed Study Guide > Cardiovascular Assessment Lecture #1 Cont. > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Assessment Lecture #1 Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal length of the QRS Interval?

A

0.04 - 0.11 seconds

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2
Q

What is the normal length of the QT Interval?

A

0.36 - 0.44 seconds

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3
Q

What is the normal length of the PR Interval?

A

0.12 - 0.20 seconds

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4
Q

Blood enters the heart from the body via the ______ and _______.

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

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5
Q

Blood leaves the heart and enters the body through the Aortic Arch but first the heart perfuses itself with blood via the left and right _______ arteries.

A

coronary arteries

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6
Q

_____ Coronary Artery Clot can inhibit SA and AV Node firing which will cause the heart to stop beating.

A

Right

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7
Q

_____Coronary Artery Clot affects the LAD and is called the widow maker because it causes ventricular contraction to fail causing the body to lack perfusion.

A

Left

Left Anterior Descending Artery = LAD

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8
Q

Ask if patient if they have any heart problems.

Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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9
Q

Ask about previous history of rheumatic fever, tobacco use, anemia, syncope, congenital heart defects, stroke, hyper hypotension, thrombophlebitis, and edema.
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

Get specific when asking questions because patients may deny a history of heart problems.

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10
Q

Ask about medication dose and frequency. Have the patient bring all home meds to the appointment. The patient may deny heart problems but will be on Hypertension meds, Anti-platelet meds, and Cholesterol meds. Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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11
Q

Is the patient compliant with meds? If not why?

Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

Exacerbations of heart failure can be caused by financial burdens. If the pt can’t afford medication that they need.

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12
Q

Assess patient for knowledge deficiency related to what each of their med does.
Is the patient aware of side effects of meds and when to call the dr.
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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13
Q

Assess for usage of OTC meds and herbs.

Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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14
Q

Compare ______ and _______ data to get an accurate cardiovascular history.

A

subjective and objective

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15
Q

Ask if they have had heart surgery valve replacement, or any kind of heart bypass, or valve surgery to determine their cardiac history.
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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16
Q

Utilize functional health patterns for assessment of cardiac abnormalities:
Nutrition> changes in appetite
Elimination > decreased urination do to decreased perfusion
Activity/Exercise > increasing activity intolerance getting winded easily is a notable change
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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17
Q

Utilize functional health patterns for assessment of cardiac abnormalities:
Sleep/Rest > pt has to sleep sitting up in recliner because they cannot sleep laying down
Self perception > pressure ulcers related to sleeping sitting up in recliner all night.
Roles/Relationship > inability to go out and socialize r/t fatigue and activity intolerance
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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18
Q

Utilize functional health patterns for assessment of cardiac abnormalities:
Sexuality> inability to perform sexually r/t fatigue and activity intolerance
Coping /Stress Tolerance > changes? Sleeping sitting up? / may have to adapt ?
Prevention Strategies > what does the patient do to prevent further complications. Are they in a Low fat low salt diet? Exercising? monitoring their BP? Did they stop smoking? Are they compliant with medications?
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective data

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19
Q

Gather a _______ this is what brought the patient to the hospital today?
When does the ______ occur? > When did the symptoms start?
What is the patients _______ of the complaint? Document patient words used to describe their signs and symptoms.
______ of onset and the duration of symptoms > What causes the s/sx and how long do they last?
Are there any ______ and _______ of these symptoms? (Do the s/sx come and go?)

A 
History of present illness
Onset
Description
Mode
exacerbation and remissions
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20
Q

Name the 10 most common cardiovascular symptoms a patient can have?

A
  • pain > Angina/ Chest Pain with Activity
  • edema > Fluid Overload
  • dyspnea > On exertion
  • cyanosis > Decreased Circulation
  • clubbing > Hypoxemia
  • fatigue > Decreased Circulation
  • syncope > Temporary LOC caused by a drop in BP.
  • hemoptysis > Coughing up blood.
  • palpitations > Increased rate or strength of heartbeat. Flutter.
  • intermittent claudication > Pain in the leg during exercise it is relieved by rest.
21
Q

Monitor Vital signs.
-BP & Pulses & Respiratory Status
-Palpation: assess upper and lower pulses for equality.
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Objective Data

22
Q

Assess the Peripheral vascular system
- Assess for equality bilaterally on both sides of the body.
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Objective Data

23
Q
  1. Assess for edema, diaphoresis, cyanosis, cold extremities, shiny extremities, venous distension and JVD.
  2. Shiny hair means good circulation to scalp.
    Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?
A

Objective Data

24
Q
  1. Nail clubbing.
  2. Assess for ulcers r/t decreased circulation.
    Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?
A

Objective Data

25
Q

What are the 8 Palpable Artery Locations and where are they Located?

A 
Carotid 
Brachial 
Radial 
Ulnar 
Femoral 
Popliteal 
Posterior Tibial 
Dorsalis pedis
26
Q

Start assessing pulses at the _____ because that means the entire leg has pulses.

A

feet

27
Q

Auscultate arteries for bruits, heart sounds for murmurs and lung sounds for crackles.
- Signs of heart failure
Is this cardiac assessment for subjective or objective data?

A

Objective Data

28
Q

What is significant to remember about the Angle of Louis?

A

It is located at the second rib below it is the second intercostal space. This is where you will begin listening to heart sounds. This is located between the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves.

29
Q

What are the locations that you auscultate on the heart named in order by location? Which is heard louder S1 or S2?

A

Aortic Valve heard at the RT 2nd ICS > S1 is louder than S2
Pulmonic Valve heard at the LT 2nd ICS > S1 is louder than S2
Erb’s Point Valve heard at the 3rd ICS LT STERNAL BORDER > S2 is louder than S1 (Different than NAU!!!)
Tricuspid Valve heard at the 5th ICS LT STERNAL BORDER > S2 is louder than S1
Mitral Valve heard at the 5th ICS LT midclavicular line S2 is louder than S1 (under the breast in women)

30
Q

Auscultation:

Lub S1 ______ valve closing. (Best place to hear this rhythm) and tricuspid valves closing > Systole

A

Mitral

31
Q

Auscultation:

Dub S2 ______ valve closing. (Best place to hear this rhythm) and pulmonic valves closing > Diastole

A

Aortic

32
Q

REMEMBER:
Lub > Systole > ______ of Atria.
Dub > Diastole > ________ of Ventricles.

Tell the patient do not take deep breaths and be quiet to assess heart sounds accurately.

A

Contraction

Relaxation

33
Q

The S1 sound occurs at the ____ in the QRS complex of the EKG. This is called Systole.

The S2 sound occurs immediately after the ____ wave is over on the EKG. This is called Diastole.

A

R
T
T

34
Q

Notifying a Dr where a murmur is found during auscultation:

____ > Lub Dub Dub > Abnormal early diastolic sound during period of rapid ventricular filling.

A

S3

35
Q

Notifying a Dr where a murmur is found during auscultation:

_____ > Lub Lub Dub > Abnormal late diastolic sound during atrial systole.

A

S4

36
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s hair in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Dry brittle hair means poor nutrition and circulation.

37
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s lips and tongue in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

blue tongue > cyanosis / decreased blood flow

dry tongue > dehydrated

38
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s neck in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

JVD: distended neck veins b/c of right sided HF r/t increased BP.

39
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s lungs/chest in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Assess lung sounds for crackles in lungs r/t left sided HF.

Assess for heart rate, rhythm, and murmurs.

40
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s blood pressure in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Signs of hypertension or hypotension. HTN is a BP of 140/90 increased cardiac workload leading to HF.

41
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s abdomen in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Enlarged abdomen also known as ascites r/t HF

42
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s skin in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Dry and cool r/t dehydration and poor nutrition
Cyanosis r/t decreased oxygenation and perfusion.
Pallor indicates anemia or decreased circulation.

43
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s sacrum in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Check for edema in bed ridden patients.

44
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s nails in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Clubbing r/t chronic low 02 saturation. Ex. Congenital cardiac disease or pulmonary disease.
Thick nails r/t poor nutrition and impaired 02 delivery.

45
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s lower extremities in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Absence of hair r/t poor circulation to superficial epidermis r/t arterial insufficiency.
Brown Socks r/t Venous insufficiency.

46
Q

Why would you assess a patient’s legs, ankles, and feet in a cardiovascular assessment?

A

Check for edema, decreased pulse, decreased sensation, and pressure ulcers r/t decreased circulation.

47
Q

Early sign of clubbing caused by ______ deficiency.
Early clubbing is assessed as a loss of angle.
Hold the fingers against each other to check for clubbing.
Late clubbing is very noticeable.

A

prolonged 02

48
Q

_______ is caused by chronic hypoxemia, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, endocarditis heart defects of the heart because of prolonged 02 deficiency.

A

Clubbing

Completed Study Guide (3 decks)

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