Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems Flashcards
CHF and Antihypertensive Drugs
A - ACE inhibitors/receptor blockers
B - Beta blockers
C - Calcium channel blockers
D - Digoxin
D - Diuretics
ACE inhibitor mechanism
- Prevent enzymes from making angiotensin II
- Prevent vasocontriction
- Lower BP by relaxing blood vessels
- Prevent sodium and fluid retention
- Improve sympathetic heart rate response to exercise to prevent MI.
ACE inhibitor suffix and examples
-pril
Ex: linsopril, captopril, elanapril, ramipril
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) mechanism
- Block the receptors that angiotensin II acts on
- Prevent vasoconstriction
- Lower BP by relaxing blood vessels
- Enhance renal clearance of sodium and water
ARB suffix and examples
-sartan
Ex: valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan
ACE inhibitor and ARB indications
- CHF
- HTN
ACE inhibitor and ARB side effects
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Upper respiratory infection
- Back and leg pain
- Fatigue
- Cough
- Rash
- Heartburn
- GI symptoms
- Abdominal pain
Blocking agents: Alpha receptors vs Beta receptors
A –> C
B –> D
Alpha - cause Constriction
Beta - cause Dilate
Beta 1 vs Beta 2
- Beta 1 blockers affect heart
- Beta 2 blockers affect lungs
Adrenergic (Alpha) blocker mechanisms
- Reduce peripheral vascular tone by blocking alpha-1-adrenergic receptors
- Dilate peripheral vessels
- Decrease BP
Alpha Adrenergic blocker indications
- HTN
- BPH
Alpha-Adrenergic blocker side effects
- Dizziness
- Palpitations
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Drowsiness
Alpha Adrenergic blocker suffix and examples
-zosin
Ex: Cardura (doxazosin), Minipress (prazosin), Hytrin (terazosin)
Beta blocker mechanism
- Blocks beta receptors in heart
- Decreased heart rate
- Decreased force of contraction
- Decreased rate of AV conduction
Beta blocker indications
- HTN
- Angina
- Arrhythmias
- Heart failure
- Migraines
- Essential tremor
Beta blocker side effects
- Bradycardia
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Depression
- Dizziness
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Weakness
- Blurred vision
Beta blocker suffix and examples
-olol
Ex: Acebutolol (tenormin, sectral); metoprolol (lopressor); Propranolol (inderal); penbutolol (levatol)
Calcium channel blockers mechanism
- Blocks calcium influx to cells
- Decreases contractility and conductivity of the heart
- Produce vasodilation
- Decrease peripheral vascular resistance
Calcium channel blocker side effects
- Bradycardia
- May precipitate AV block
- Headache
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Peripheral edema
Calcium channel blocker examples
- Amlodipine (Norvasac)
- Diltiazim (Cardezim)
- Nifedipine (Procardia, Adelat)
- Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
- Bepridil (Vascor)
