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Anatomy Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular Anatomy Pre-Practical 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Pre-Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum subdivided into

A

Superior

Inferior

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2
Q

What is the inferior mediastinum further divided into

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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3
Q

What bone forms the anterior border of the superior mediastinum

A

Manubrium

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4
Q

Which vertebrae form the posterior border of the superior mediastinum

A

T1-T4

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5
Q

What plane separates the superior from the inferior mediastinum

A

Transverse thoracic plane

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6
Q

Thymus is found in

A

Superior

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7
Q

Heart, Pericardium and Great vessels are found in

A

Inferior (middle mediastinum)

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8
Q

Descending Aorta is found in

A

Inferior (Posterior mediastinum)

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9
Q

Oesophagus is found in

A

Inferior (Posterior mediastinum)

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10
Q

Thoracic Duct is located in

A

Inferior (Posterior mediastinum)

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11
Q

Azygous vein is located in

A

Inferior (Posterior mediastinum)

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12
Q

Sympathetic chain is located in

A

Inferior (Posterior mediastinum)

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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14
Q

Layers of the pericardium

A

Superficial fibrous pericardium
Intermediate parietal pericardium
Deep visceral pericardium

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15
Q

The pericardial cavity lies between which 2 layers

A

Parietal and Visceral

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16
Q

An inner endocardium is composed of a single layer of

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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17
Q

A middle myocardium is composed of many layers of

A

Cardiac muscle

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18
Q

An outer epicardium is composed of a single layer of

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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19
Q

Which layers belongs simultaneously to the heart wall and the serous pericardium

A

Visceral Layer

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20
Q

Which layer of the serous pericardium is inseparably attached to the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal layer

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21
Q

Which protective role is fulfilled by the fibrous pericardium

A

Protects the heart against sudden overfilling

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22
Q

What nerves do the visceral pericardium receive autonomic innervation from

A

T1-T4 and vagus via the cardiac plexus

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23
Q

What is the parietal and fibrous layers innervated by

A

Phrenic nerve

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24
Q

Which layers of the pericardium are innervated by pain fibres (C3-C5)

A

Parietal and Fibrous

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25
Where is the left atrium situated
Posterior
26
What role do the auricles have in the adult
Increases the capacity of the atrium
27
The left atrium lies anterior to which structure
The oesophagus
28
Which chambers forms the apex
Left ventricle
29
Which chamber forms the base
Left atrium
30
In the right lateral view of the opened right atrium what would you see (7)
``` Auricle Pectinate muscle Cristae terminalis Tricuspid valve Fossa ovalis Opening for coronary sinus Opening for SVC and IVC ```
31
Fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale in the foetus. What function did the latter perform
Shunt oxygenated blood from right to left atrium that came from the umbilical vein via the IVC to bypass pulmonary circulation
32
Where is the moderator band (septomarginal trabeculum)
Connects interventricular septum with the anterior wall of the right ventricle
33
What is the function of the moderator band (septomarginal trabeculum)
Carries part of the right bundle branches of the AV bundle at the conducting system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle
34
What ventricle is the thickest and by how much
Left ventricle | 2-3 times
35
How many cusps make up the tricuspid valve and how many papillary muscles are found in the right ventricle
3
36
Which valve guards the entry from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Mitral valve (bicuspid)
37
How many cusps are present in the mitral valve
2
38
What is the function of the papillary muscles
Support valves by allowing the cusps to resist pressure
39
What is the function of the Chordae tendineae
Prevent the cusps from being forced into the atrium
40
Where do the coronary veins drain into
Coronary sinus
41
What is the coronary sinus
A wide venous channel on the posterior surface of the heart that feeds into the right atrium
42
Where do the coronary arteries and cardiac veins lie together
atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus and the interventricular sulci (groove)
43
Coronary Arteries (7)
``` Arch of aorta Right coronary artery Right Marginal branch Right posterior IV artery Left coronary artery Circumflex of left coronary artery Anterior IV branch of left coronary artery ```
44
Coronary Veins (6)
``` Great cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Anterior cardiac veins Coronary sinus Middle cardiac vein Oblique vein of left atrium ```
45
From which part of the aorta do the coronary arteries arise
Aortic sinus
46
Which pair of coronary arteries anastomose in the coronary sulcus
RCA and circumflex (LCA)
47
Which pair of coronary arteries anastomose in the interventricular sulcus
LCA and RCA (septal branches)
48
The great cardiac vein lies alongside the______in the anterior interventricular groove (LCA)
interventricular artery
49
The middle cardiac vein lies alongside the______in the posterior interventricular groove
interventricular artery
50
The small cardiac vein lies alongside the ______ on the posterior surface of the heart
Atrioventricular sulcus
51
The coronary sinus lies alongside the circumflex artery in the _____ on the posterior surface of the heart
Atrioventricular sulcus (coronary)
52
The cardiac veins drain directly into the
Right Atrium
53
What are the venae cordis minimae
small veins which drain the heart wall directly into each chamber of the heart
54
Beginning and termination of the aortic arch occurs at vertebral level
T4
55
Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
L4
56
Bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
L5
57
Dilated aortic root
Can go from 3.5cm to 4.5cm
58
Branches of the aortic arch (anterior to posterior)
Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian
59
Which chest wall arteries arise from descending thoracic aorta (5)
``` Bronchial Pericardial Posterior intercostals Superior phrenic Oesophageal ```
60
Which chest wall arteries arise from internal thoracic (mammary artery
Anterior intercostals
61
Which artery gives origin to the internal thoracic artery
Subclavian artery
62
Branches of the internal thoracic veins (3)
supply the fibrous pericardium, parietal pleural and diaphragm
63
Arteries arise from the abdominal aorta to supply the (5)
``` Diaphragm Adrenals Kidneys Gonads Gut Tube ```
64
Common iliac arteries arise at vertebral level ___ and lie in the
L4 | Iliac Fossa
65
External iliac arteries arise at vertebral level___ and become the
L5-S1 | Femoral arteries
66
Internal iliac arteries arise at vertebral level____ and supply
L5-S1 | Pelvic viscera
67
The branches of veins are called
Tributaries
68
The internal thoracic (mammary vein) drains
the anterior intercostal veins to the L and R brachiocephalic veins
69
Tributaries of the SVC
Left and Right Brachiocephalic veins | Azygous vein
70
Tributaries of the IVC
Left and Right common iliac veins
71
Right side and Left side of the posterior mediastinum
Azygous | Hemiazygous
72
Purpose of azygous vein
Drains blood from the posterior intercostal veins into the SVC
73
Which chest wall veins are drained by the azygous and hemiazygous
Posterior intercostal veins and thoracoabdominal
74
Arteries of the upper limb (5)
``` Subclavia Axillary Brachial Radial Ulnar ```
75
At which bony point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery
Lateral border of the 1st rib
76
In which area of the upper limb does the brachial artery branch into the radial and ulnar artery
Cubital Fossa
77
Of the radial and ulnar artery which is the more superficial of the two
Radial
78
Lower limb arteries (7)
``` External iliac Deep and superficial femoral Popliteal Anterior and Posterior Tibial Dorsalis Pedis ```
79
The femoral artery is a distal continuation of which artery
External Iliac artery
80
Where does the popliteal artery branch into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Inferior border of the popliteus
81
The dorsalis pedis is a continuation of
The anterior tibial artery on the dorsum of the foot
82
The posterior tibial artery enters the sole of the foot inferior to which malleolus of the ankle
Left
83
Into which major vein does the great saphenous vein drain into
Femoral
84
Into which major vein does the small saphenous vein drain into
Popliteal
85
Where is the thoracic duct loacted
Vertebral bodies between the azygous vein and the descending aorta
86
Where does the thoracic duct commence
L1 at the cisterna chyli
87
Where does the thoracic duct drain into
Left subclavian vein crossing from right to left at T4
88
What are the parietal lymph of the thorax (3)
Parasternal Phrenic Intercostal
89
Where are parasternal nodes located
situated along the internal thoracic artery and receive lymphatics from the breast, intercostal spaces, the costal pleura and the diaphragm
90
Where is the phrenic nodes located
situated on the thoracic surface of the diaphragm | Receive lymphatics from pericardium, diaphragm and liver and drain into parasternal nodes
91
Where are the intercostal nodes located
Found at the vertebral end of the intercostal spaces
92
Lymphatic drainage of heart and lungs
Tracheobronchial | Bronchopulmonary
93
Sensory and pain fibres travel back from the heart to what spinal cord levels
T1-T4 in the sympathetic nerves
94
Modified cardiac muscle cells that spontaneously generate electrical impulses
Purkinje fibres
95
Where is the SA node loacted
Right atrium, beneath opening of SVC
96
Where is the AV node located
Lies in the inferior part of the interatrial septum
97
The atrioventricular bundle (of His)
Lies on each side of the interventricular septum
98
Vertebral position of the heart
T5-T8 in front of the oesophagus
99
Surface marking for apex of the heart
5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line
100
Right border of the heart- chamber
Righ atrium
101
Left border of the heart- chamber
Left ventricle
102
Inferior border of the heart-chamber
Right and Left ventricle
103
Superior border of the heart-chamber
Right atrium
104
Anterior/sternocostal- chamber
Right ventricle Right atrium Left ventricle
105
Posterior/base chamber
Left atrium
106
Inferior/diaphragmatic-chamber
Right ventricle
107
Posterior to which bone is the heart situated
Sternum
108
Anterior to which 4 vertebrae is the heart situated
T5-T8
109
Upon what structure does the inferior surface of the heart lie
Diaphragm
110
Pulmonary valve is located
2nd left space parasternally
111
Aortic valve is located
2nd right space parasternally
112
Mitral valve is loctaed
5th left space, mid clavicular (apex)
113
Tricuspid valve is located
over lower sternum or just to the right if it
114
Elastic Artery
Tunica Intima Tunica media- high volume of elastin and few smooth muscle Tunica adventitia- contains sall vasa vasorum and elastin
115
Muscular Artery
Thin elastic fibres between tunica initima and tunica media Thick tunica media with high volume of smooth muscle cells No external elastin in tunica adventitia
116
Examples of elastic artery (3)
Carotid Aorta Pulmonary
117
Examples of muscular (1)
Radial arteries
118
Main contents of the superior mediastinum (7)
``` Thymus Brachiocephalic, SVC Trachea Oesophagus Thoracic duct Arch of aorta ```
119
Anterior Mediastinum contains (3)
Thymus Lymph nodes Fat
120
Posterior Mediastinum (7)
``` Oesophagus n. Vagus n. Azygous v. Sympathetic trunk Thoracic duct Descending aorta Splanchnic n. ```
121
Epicardial is composed of
Endothelial cells and thin layer of fat and connective tissue
122
Right ventricle features (5)
``` Tricuspid valves Trabeculae carnaeae Moderator band Opening for pulmonary trunk Interventricular septum ```
123
Right atrium features (5)
``` Opening for IVC and SVC Interatrial septum Fossa ovalis in IA septum Musculi pectinati Tricuspid valve ```
124
Left atrium features (5)
Openings for superior and inferior pulmonary veins Bicuspid (mitral) valve Smooth wall chamber Base of heart
125
Left ventricle features (5)
``` Bicuspid valve Chrodae tendineae Trabeculae carneae Opening for aorta Interventricular septum Forms apex of heart ```
126
Where do superficial veins arise from
Dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand
127
Cephalic vein travels up the limb on the ____side and drains into the _____
Lateral side | Axillary vein below clavicle
128
Basilic vein travels up limb on ___ side and becomes continuous with_____
medial | brachial
129
Medial cubital connects ____ and ___ across___
Cdephalic and basilic | Cubital fossa

Anatomy Cardiovascular System (1 decks)

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