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Bio 153 > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How big is the heart?

A

-fist sized (250-350g)

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2
Q

Where does the heart lay?

A

-mediastinum

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3
Q

What are the two circuits that blood pumps?

A
  • systemic circuit

- pulmonary circuit

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4
Q

Systemic circuit

A

-oxygenated blood –> body –> deoxygenated blood –> heart

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5
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

-deoxygenated blood –> lungs –> oxygenated blood –> heart

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6
Q

What is the covering that touches the heart directly?

A

-visceral pericardium “epicardium”

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7
Q

Serous pericardium

A

-contains the visceral and parietal pericardium

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8
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

-outer layer

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9
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

-prevents overflow

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10
Q

Parietal cavity

A
  • b/w the visceral and parietal pericardium

- contains serous fluid

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11
Q

Epicardium

A
  • also known as the visceral pericardium
  • simple squamous and aerolar
  • outer layer
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12
Q

Myocardium

A
  • cardiac muscle

- middle layer

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13
Q

Endocardium

A
  • lines chambers
  • simple squamous and areolar
  • inner layer
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14
Q

Right atria

A

-receives blood from body

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15
Q

Right ventricle

A

-receives blood from R.A.

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16
Q

Left atria

A

-receives blood from lungs

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17
Q

Left ventricle

A

-receives L.A.

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18
Q

S&F of heart valves

A

S- flaps of endocardium and dense CT

F- prevents back flow

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19
Q

S&F of atrioventricular valves

A

S- between the atria and ventricles
-anchored to papillary muscles
F-prevent back flow into atria and ventricles

20
Q

Tricuspid valve (mitral)

A

-b/w right atrium and right ventricle

21
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

-b/w left atrium and left ventricle

22
Q

S&F semilunar valves

A

S- b/w ventricles and large arteries of the heart (b/w pulmonary trunk and RV and b/w aorta and LV)
F- back flow into ventricles from arteries leaving the heart

23
Q

“LUBB”

A
  • AV valve closing (following atrial contraction)
24
Q

“DUBB”

A
  • SL valve closing (following ventricle contraction)
25
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A
  • tunica exteria
  • tunica media
  • tunica interia
26
Q

Tunica exteria

A
  • superficial

- fibrous c.t. (collagen and elastic fibers)

27
Q

Tunica media

A
  • middle

- smooth muscle and elastic c.t.

28
Q

Tunica interia

A

-deep

29
Q

Endothelium

A
  • inner

- simple squamous –> lines vessels

30
Q

Basement membrane

A
  • middle

- loose areolar c.t.

31
Q

Elastic membrane

A
  • outer

- elastic c.t. –> absent in veins

32
Q

What are arteries?

A
  • carry blood away from the heart
  • mostly carry oxygenated blood
  • high pressure
  • thick tunica media
33
Q

3 types of arteries

A
  • elastic
  • distributing
  • arterioles
34
Q

Arterioles

A
  • the smallest artery

- no tunica externa

35
Q

Elastic arteries

A

-thick layer of elastic tissue, high pressure

36
Q

Distributing arteries

A

-thick smooth muscle

37
Q

Veins

A
  • carry blood to heart
  • most carry deoxygenated blood
  • low pressure
  • thin tunica media (less smooth muscle and little elastic fibers)
  • valves prevent back flow
  • venules
38
Q

S&F of venules

A

S- no smooth muscle

F - drain blood into veins

39
Q

Capillaries

A
  • smallest BV approx. the diameter of single RBC
  • form capillary beds –> huge SA
  • site of exchange –> b/w blood and tissues
  • endothelial tissue –> thin and permeable
40
Q

Skeletal muscle pump

A
  • muscle contraction massages veins (valves prevent back flow)
41
Q

Respiratory pump

A

-change in thoracic and abdominal pressure

42
Q

3 types of capillaries

A
  • continuous capillaries
  • fenestrated capillaries
  • sinsoid capillaries `
43
Q

Continuous capillaries

A
  • endothelium continues –> moderately

- main exchange vessels in tissues permeable (exchange of nutrients, waste, blood gases, hormones.)

44
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A
  • endothelium has pres/fenestrations –> more permeable

- for absorption or filtration in kidneys and intestines

45
Q

Sinusoid capillaries

A
  • endothelium has large gaps –> most permeable

- allows passage of lg. molecules/cells

46
Q

Capillary beds

A
  • networks of capillaries connecting arterioles with venules

- flow regulated by rings of smooth muscle called “precapillary sphinctors”

Bio 153 (4 decks)

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