Cardiovascular Anatomy

Question 1

How big is the heart?

Answer 1

-fist sized (250-350g)

Question 2

Where does the heart lay?

Answer 2

-mediastinum

Question 3

What are the two circuits that blood pumps?

Answer 3

• systemic circuit

- pulmonary circuit

Question 4

Systemic circuit

Answer 4

-oxygenated blood –> body –> deoxygenated blood –> heart

Question 5

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 5

-deoxygenated blood –> lungs –> oxygenated blood –> heart

Question 6

What is the covering that touches the heart directly?

Answer 6

-visceral pericardium “epicardium”

Question 7

Serous pericardium

Answer 7

-contains the visceral and parietal pericardium

Question 8

Parietal pericardium

Answer 8

-outer layer

Question 9

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 9

-prevents overflow

Question 10

Parietal cavity

Answer 10

• b/w the visceral and parietal pericardium

- contains serous fluid

Question 11

Epicardium

Answer 11

• also known as the visceral pericardium
• simple squamous and aerolar
• outer layer

Question 12

Myocardium

Answer 12

• cardiac muscle

- middle layer

Question 13

Endocardium

Answer 13

• lines chambers
• simple squamous and areolar
• inner layer

Question 14

Right atria

Answer 14

-receives blood from body

Question 15

Right ventricle

Answer 15

-receives blood from R.A.

Question 16

Left atria

Answer 16

-receives blood from lungs

Question 17

Left ventricle

Answer 17

-receives L.A.

Question 18

S&F of heart valves

Answer 18

S- flaps of endocardium and dense CT

F- prevents back flow

Question 19

S&F of atrioventricular valves

Answer 19

S- between the atria and ventricles
-anchored to papillary muscles
F-prevent back flow into atria and ventricles

Question 20

Tricuspid valve (mitral)

Answer 20

-b/w right atrium and right ventricle

Question 21

Bicuspid valve

Answer 21

-b/w left atrium and left ventricle

Question 22

S&F semilunar valves

Answer 22

S- b/w ventricles and large arteries of the heart (b/w pulmonary trunk and RV and b/w aorta and LV)
F- back flow into ventricles from arteries leaving the heart

Question 23

“LUBB”

Answer 23

• AV valve closing (following atrial contraction)

Question 24

“DUBB”

Answer 24

• SL valve closing (following ventricle contraction)

Question 25

Layers of blood vessels

Answer 25

- tunica exteria - tunica media - tunica interia

Question 26

Tunica exteria

Answer 26

- superficial | - fibrous c.t. (collagen and elastic fibers)

Question 27

Tunica media

Answer 27

- middle | - smooth muscle and elastic c.t.

Question 28

Tunica interia

Answer 28

-deep

Question 29

Endothelium

Answer 29

- inner | - simple squamous --> lines vessels

Question 30

Basement membrane

Answer 30

- middle | - loose areolar c.t.

Question 31

Elastic membrane

Answer 31

- outer | - elastic c.t. --> absent in veins

Question 32

What are arteries?

Answer 32

- carry blood away from the heart - mostly carry oxygenated blood - high pressure - thick tunica media

Question 33

3 types of arteries

Answer 33

- elastic - distributing - arterioles

Question 34

Arterioles

Answer 34

- the smallest artery | - no tunica externa

Question 35

Elastic arteries

Answer 35

-thick layer of elastic tissue, high pressure

Question 36

Distributing arteries

Answer 36

-thick smooth muscle

Question 37

Veins

Answer 37

- carry blood to heart - most carry deoxygenated blood - low pressure - thin tunica media (less smooth muscle and little elastic fibers) - valves prevent back flow - venules

Question 38

S&F of venules

Answer 38

S- no smooth muscle | F - drain blood into veins

Question 39

Capillaries

Answer 39

- smallest BV approx. the diameter of single RBC - form capillary beds --> huge SA - site of exchange --> b/w blood and tissues - endothelial tissue --> thin and permeable

Question 40

Skeletal muscle pump

Answer 40

- muscle contraction massages veins (valves prevent back flow)

Question 41

Respiratory pump

Answer 41

-change in thoracic and abdominal pressure

Question 42

3 types of capillaries

Answer 42

- continuous capillaries - fenestrated capillaries - sinsoid capillaries `

Question 43

Continuous capillaries

Answer 43

- endothelium continues --> moderately | - main exchange vessels in tissues permeable (exchange of nutrients, waste, blood gases, hormones.)

Question 44

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 44

- endothelium has pres/fenestrations --> more permeable | - for absorption or filtration in kidneys and intestines

Question 45

Sinusoid capillaries

Answer 45

- endothelium has large gaps --> most permeable | - allows passage of lg. molecules/cells

Question 46

Capillary beds

Answer 46

- networks of capillaries connecting arterioles with venules | - flow regulated by rings of smooth muscle called "precapillary sphinctors"