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EOR: Emergency Medicine > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

MC pathogen causing acute bacterial endocarditis

A

S. aureus

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2
Q

MC pathogen causing subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

S. viridans (dental work)

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3
Q

3 major Duke Criteria for bacterial endocarditis…

A
  1. blood cx x 2 12 hours apart showing s. aureus, S. viridans, or S. bovis
  2. echo showing vegetations
  3. new regurg murmur
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4
Q

2 cutaneous manifestations of infective endocarditis?

A

osler nodes (tender “ouchy”)

Janeway lesions (painless macules)

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5
Q

2 nailbed changes suggestive of infective endocarditis…

A

splinter hemorrhage

digital clubbing

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6
Q

Tx of infective endocarditis…

A

IV vanco or ampicillin/sulbactam + aminoglycoside

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7
Q

Tx addition for infective endocarditis if prosthetic valve?

A

add rifampin

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8
Q

Coronary artery vasospasms causing transient ST-segment elevations, not associated with clot

A

prinzmetal/variant angina

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9
Q

Tx for prinzmetal/variant angina?

A

CCB, long acting nitrates

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10
Q

arrhythmia with PR interval < 0.20

A

wolf parkinson white

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11
Q

Early wide “bizarre” QRS, no p wave seen

A

PVC

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12
Q

wide QRS complex that is a regular, fast heart rate that arises from improper electrical activity in the ventricles of the heart

A

VT

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13
Q

Erratic rhythm with no discernable waves (P, QRS, or T waves)

A

VF

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14
Q

Tx options for narrow tachy arrhythmias… (5)

A

CCBs, beta blockers, adenosine or procainamide

synch cardioversion

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15
Q

Tx options for wide tachy arrhythmias (2)

A

synch cardioversion

amio

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16
Q

Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade…

A
  1. hypotension
  2. muffled heart sounds
  3. JVD
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17
Q

2 EKG findings for cardiac tamponade…

A

electrical alternans

low voltage QRS

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18
Q

CXR finding in cardiac tamponade?

A

water bottle heart

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19
Q

CP relieved by sitting or leaning forward…

A

pericarditis

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20
Q

chest pain with shortness of breath, with possible radiation to the neck, jaw, arms, shoulders, and back

A

ACS

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21
Q

Pleuritic CP and dyspnea…

A

PE

22
Q

severe, tearing (ripping, knife-like) chest pain radiating to the back

A

TAA/AAA

23
Q

5 emergent causes of CP…

A 
pericarditis
ACS
PE
PTX
TAA
24
Q

ipsilateral chest pain and dyspnea with decreased tactile fremitus, deviated trachea, hyperresonance, diminished breath sounds

A

PTX

25
Q

CP workup…

A

EKG, troponin, BNP, CXR, CBC/CMP

26
Q

2 labs for pericarditis…

A

EKG, ESR

27
Q

2 labs for PE…

A

D-Dimer, CTA

28
Q

2 labs for PTX

A

CXR, CT

29
Q

Imaging for TAA

A

CT Aortogram

30
Q

R and R’ (upward bunny ears) in V4-V6

A

LBBB

31
Q

R and R’ (upward bunny ears) in V1-V3

A

RBBB

32
Q

Tx for NSTEMI… (7)

A 
beta blockers
nitro
ASA
clopidogrel
heparin
ACE-I
Statin
Reperfusion therapy
33
Q

Anterior wall MI leads…

A

I, aVL, V2-V6

34
Q

Inferior wall MI leads…

A

II, III, aVF

35
Q

Lateral wall MI leads

A

I, aVL, V5-V6

Reciprocal ST depression in III, aVF

36
Q

Posterior wall MI leads

A

ST depression V1-V3

37
Q

medications such as ______ and ______ vasodilate the vessels making the fluid come out and will go down to the feet due to gravity

A

CCBs

Alpha blockers

38
Q

Best test to assess for HF…

A

Echo

39
Q

Systolic left heart failure treatment (3)

A

ACE-I
beta blocker
Loop diuretic

40
Q

2 staples of diastolic HF…

A

lasix

ace-I

41
Q

Tx of choice for HTN emergency…

A

sodium nitroprusside

42
Q

Tx of choice for hypertensive urgency

A

clonidine

43
Q

Tx of choice for malignant HTN

A

hydralazine

44
Q

3 common causes of cardiogenic shock…

A

acute MI
HF
cardiac tamponade

45
Q

Pt. presents with:

SOB

pain radiating from shoulder to chest

Pain worse with inspiration and laying down

pain better leaning forward

distant heart sounds

low voltage ekg w. electrical alternans

No trauma

A

pericardial effusion

46
Q

Gold standard dx of PVD

A

arteriography

47
Q

Harsh systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo murmur at the right upper sternal border (aortic area) with radiation to the neck and apex heard best by leaning forward with expiration

A

aortic stenosis

48
Q

Soft, early diastolic blowing murmur along the left sternal border with the patient sitting leaning forward after exhaling

A

Aortic regurgitation

49
Q

Diastolic low pitched decrescendo rumbling murmur with opening snap heard best at the apex (mitral area) with the patient in the lateral decubitus position

A

Mitral stenosis

50
Q

Holosystolic high-pitched blowing murmur at the apex (mitral area) that radiates to axilla with a split S2

A

Mitral regurgitation

51
Q

6 Ps of arterial embolism/thrombosis…

A

pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia

52
Q

Pt. p/w:

Dull pain, erythema, induration of vein, palpable cord

A

phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

EOR: Emergency Medicine (12 decks)

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