Cardiovascular

Question 1

4 Valves in heart

Answer 1

2x Atrioventricular valves: prevent backflow of blood

2x Semilunar valves: create high pressure within system, prevent backflow from aorta to ventricle

Question 2

Cardiac cycle length

Answer 2

~0.8 seconds

Question 3

4 major pacemaker cells in heart

Answer 3

1. Sinoatrial node
2. Atrioventricular node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje fibers

Question 4

Rest of the cells in heart that are not capable of generating its own action potential

Answer 4

Cardiac myocytes

Question 5

3 layers in arteries & veins

Answer 5

1. Endothelium
2. Smooth muscle
3. Connective tissue

Question 6

2 Layers in capillary

why?

Answer 6

1. Endothelium
2. Basal lamina
   Easier for substances to diffuse & exchange

Question 7

3 Types of Plasma proteins & functions

Answer 7

1. Albumin: osmotic balance
2. Fibrinogen: clotting
3. Immunoglobulins: defense

Question 8

Percentage of fluid leaving capillaries re-enter due to osmotic pressure

Answer 8

85%

Question 9

Percentage of plasma in blood

Answer 9

55%