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NPLEX 2 - Pharmacology > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

selective beta 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

atenolol, metoprolol

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2
Q

clinical use of atenolol

A

angina
HTN
reduce CV mortality and risk of reinfarction in patients with acute MI

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3
Q

most common adverse effect of atenolol

A

fatigue / tiredness

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4
Q

atenolol + digoxin produces what effect?

A

additive bradycardia effect

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5
Q

atenolol + nitrates or antihypertensives produces what effect?

A

additive hypotensive effect

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6
Q

atenolol + dopamine will do what?

A

decrease effects of dopamine

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7
Q

contraindications of atenolol

A 
ABCDE
asthma
block
COPD
DM
hyperkalEmia
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8
Q

non selective Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

propranolol, timolol

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9
Q

beta -1 receptors specific to what tissue and are considered excitatory or inhibitory

A

postsynaptic sympathetic specific to cardiac, excitatory leading to increases in chronotropy, inotropy, dromotropy

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10
Q

beta -2 receptors specific to what tissue and are considered excitatory or inhibitory

A

postsynaptic sympathetic specific to all others (lungs), inhibitory leading to bronchodilation and vasodilation

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11
Q

clinical use of propranolol

A 
angina
HTN
Post MI 
cardiomyopathy
prevention of migraines
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12
Q

adverse effects of propranolol

A

2 BBs

  • bradycardia, bronchospasm, sadness
  • blood vessel spasm, blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia in diabetes, sexual dysfunction
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13
Q

2 BBs refers to what

A

mnemonic for adverse effects of propranolol

  • bradycardia, bronchospasm, sadness
  • blood vessel spasm, blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia in diabetes, sexual dysfunction
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14
Q

interactions of propranolol

A

additive bradycardia effect with digoxin
additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensives
decrease effects of dopamine

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15
Q

risk of abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers

A

rebound HTN and tachycardia

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16
Q

interactions of atenolol

A

additive bradycardia effect with digoxin
additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensives
decrease effects of dopamine

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17
Q

contraindications of propranolol

A 
ABCDE
asthma
block
COPD
DM
hyperkalEmia
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18
Q

non selective beta blocker used for elevated intraocular pressure

A

timolol

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19
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

lisinopril, ramipril

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20
Q

clinical use of lisinopril

A

HTN
CHF
tx and px diabetic nephropathy
improve 24 hour survival post MI

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21
Q

most common adverse effect of lisinopril

A

dizziness

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22
Q

drugs that act as vasodilators

A

ACE inhibitors
Ca++ channel blocker
alpha adrenergic agonist
angiotensin II antagonist

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23
Q

true or false, lisinopril may cause hypokalemia

A

false it is potassium sparring and my cause hyperkalemia

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24
Q

is there a significant risk of taking lisinopril during pregnancy

A

fetal renal failure

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25
Q

antacids + lisinopril

A

decreased serum levels with antacid

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26
Q

NSAIDS or salicylates + lisinopril

A

reduce antihypertensive effect

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27
Q

potassium sparing diuretics or trimethoprim + lisinopril

A

increase risk of hyperkalemia

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28
Q

insulin + lisinopril

A

increased risk of hypoglycemia

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29
Q

thiazide diuretic + lisinopril

A

increase hypotensive effect, nephrotoxic

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30
Q

angiotensin II does what to blood vessels

A

vasoconstricts

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31
Q

fatal symptom of lisinopril

A

angioedema

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32
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil

33
Q

clinical use of amlodipine

A

HTN
prinzmetal’s angina
stable angina

34
Q

most common side effect of amlodipine

35
Q

thiazide diuretic + amlopdipine

A

potentiates thiazide d. effect

36
Q

ACEi + amlodipine

A

potentiates ACEi effect

37
Q

Beta blocker + amlodipine

A

avoid in patients with impaired left ventricular function

38
Q

sildenafil + amlodipine

A

additive BP lowering effects

39
Q

grapefruit juice + amlopodipine

A

levels and effects of amlodipine increased

40
Q

CI of amlodipine

A

severe HTN
shock
obstruction of the outflow tract of left ventricle

41
Q

clinical use of injection of diltiazem

A

cardioversion of PSVT

control of ventricular rate in A fib./flut.

42
Q

clinical use of verapamil

A

rate control in a Fib.
angina
HTN
PSVT prophylaxis

43
Q

what clinical use distinguishes verapamil and diltiazem from amlopdipine

A

vera: rate control in a. fib., PSVT prophylaxis

Dilt: cardioversion of PSVT, control of ventricular rate in A. fib/flut.

44
Q

specific alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

A

clonidine (central acting sympatholytic vasodilator

45
Q

specific types of alpha 1 adrenergic agonists

A

phenyleprine (pressor agent used in to treat hypotension /shock)

oxymetazoline (nasal decongestant)

46
Q

clinical use of clonidine

A

essential, renal, and malignant HTN
pain in cancer pt.
ADHD (extended release)

47
Q

diuretic + clonidine

A

potentiate hypotensive action

48
Q

vasodilators + clonidine

A

potentiate hypotensive action

49
Q

abrupt d/c of clonidine

A

rebound HTN

50
Q

antihypertensive + clonidine

A

potentiate hypotensive actions

51
Q

TCA (amitriptyline) + clonidine

A

decreased effectiveness of clonidine

52
Q

clonidine + digoxin

A

increase toxicity of digoxin

53
Q

lithium + clonidine

A

increase toxicity of lithium

54
Q

CI of clonidine

A

d/o of cardiac pacemaker / conduction

55
Q

angiotensin II antagonists

A

-SARTAN

valsartan
losartan
irbesartan

56
Q

clinical use of valsartan

A

HTN
heart failure in pt. intolerant to ACEi
reduce CV death in stable pt. post-MI

57
Q

potassium supplement + valsartan

A

risk of hyperkalemia

58
Q

potassium sparing diuretics (triameterene, spironolactone) + valsartan

A

risk of hyperkalemia

59
Q

adverse effects of valsartan

A

dizziness
hyperkalemia
hypotension

60
Q

pregnancy + valsartan

A

contraindicated–fetal renal failure

61
Q

RAAS drugs + pregnancy

A

generally contraindicated due to teratogenic effects on fetus

62
Q

weakest to strongest type of diuretics

A

K+ sparing diuretic
thiazide diuretic
loop diuretic

63
Q

clinical use of spironolactone

A

mnemonic: HELP

HTN
Edema
low plasma levels of K+
Primary hyperaldosteronism

64
Q

clinical use of triamterene

65
Q

spironolactone’s affect of sex hormones

A

anti-androgenic: increase conversion T to E2, decrease in biosynthesis of T

66
Q

adverse effects of spironolactone

A 
gynecomastia
impotence in males
irregular menses
hyperkalemia
gastric distress
peptic ulcer
67
Q

-sartan + spironolactone

A

risk of hyperkalemia

68
Q

clinical use of HCTZ

A

mnemonic: this HEN has a big THIgh

Hypertension, congestive Heart failure
Edema
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetse insipidus

69
Q

adverse effects of HCTZ

A 
hyponatremia
hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia
hyperuricemia. hyperglycemia
hypersensitivty / photosensitivity
70
Q

carbamazepine + HCTZ

A

hyponatremia risk increased

71
Q

alpha blocker (tamulosin, doxazosin, terazosin) + HCTZ

A

potentiates hypotensive effect

72
Q

-sartan + HCTZ

A

potentiates hypotensive effect

73
Q

NSAIDs + HCTZ

A

enhance risk of nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs

reduce antihypertensive effects of HCTZ

74
Q

corticosteroids

A

reduce antihypertensive effects of HCTZ

75
Q

glycyrrhiza glabra + HCTZ

A

increase risk of hypokalemia

76
Q

CI of HCTZ

A 
allergy to sulfonamide
hypercalcemia
anuria
hepatic / renal impairment
addisons dz
77
Q

loop diuretic

A

furosemide

78
Q

most common adverse effect of furosemide

A

hyperuricemia

hypokalemia

NPLEX 2 - Pharmacology (2 decks)

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