Cardiovascular Flashcards
The volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
End diastolic volume
In an average adult, EDV is about ___mL
150
The volume of blood pumped during systole
Stroke Volume
In an average person resting, stroke volume is about ___ mL
90
The portion (%) of blood pumped out of a filled ventricle during systole
Ejection Fraction (EF)
Normal EF is at least __%
50%
What is a key measure of overall heart function?
Ejection Fraction (EF)
The total volume of blood pumped per minute
Cardiac Output (CO)
Cardiac output = ___ x Heart Rate
Stroke Volume (SV)
The ___ law states that the amount of blood leaving the heart during systole = the amount of blood entering the heart during diastole
Frank-Starling
Formula for determining a person’s Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)?
Approx. 220 - their age
Formula for determining a person’s Target Heart Rate (the rate at which it is safe and effective to exercise aerobically)?
THR=MHR(.7)
The pressure the ventricles must overcome to open the aortic and pulmonary valves and push blood forward = ___
Afterload (must be greater than the peripheral blood pressure)
List the layers of the heart from internal to external (4)
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium
- Pericardium
Closing of the AV valves (Tricuspid, Mitral) as diastole ends and systole begins produces the S__ sound
S1 (“Lub”)
AV valves are assisted by what two parts of the heart?
- Chorda tendinae
2. Papillary mm
Name the two semilunar valves
- Aortic
2. Pulmonary
Closing of the semilunar valves (aortic, pulmonary) as systole ends and diastole begins produces the S__ sound
S2 (“Dub”)
Name the 3 biggest coronary arteries:
- Left circumflex a
- Left anterior descending a
- Right coronary a
Which of the 3 largest coronary aa supplies the most blood to the myocardium?
Left anterior descending artery (about 45%)
< __bpm is considered bradycardia, while > __bpm is considered tachycardia
60, 100
Normal heart rate for a newborn child?
140bpm
Normal heart rate for a young child?
100-120bpm
____ stimulation (from T1-5) SPEEDS the heart rate and increases strength of contraction, while ____ stimulation from the ____ nerve SLOWS the heart rate and strength of contraction
Sympathetic, parasympathetic - Vagus
____ refers to the contraction strength during systole, while ____ refers to the heart rate
Inotropic, chronotropic
Explain how the arterioles make up the difference when they may need 20-30 times more blood during exercise or exertion, but the heart is only capable of increasing output by 4-7 times
Arterioles CONSTRICT in visceral tissues and DILATE in muscles being used
The most common symptom associated with heart disease?
Chest pain