Cardiovascular Flashcards
stroke volume
amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat
preload
degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
afterload
resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle
contractility
ability of cardiac muscle to shorten in response to electrical impulse
stable angina
chest pain precipitated by exertion or stress. Myocardial oxygen demands increaed
unstable angina
(preinfarction) chest pain occuring at rest
inractalb e
severe
silent ischemia
diabetics
prinzmetal angina
vasospasm
angina is
due to insufficient coronary blood flow to the heart leading to less oxygen to the cardiac tissue
left side heart failure
results in pulmonary congestion
right side heart failure
jugular vein distention, systemic symptoms swelling
how do you treat pulmonary edema
oxygen therapy, diuretics, vasodilators, position patient upright, legs over side of bed to decrease venous congestion
pre-hypertension
120-139/80-89
stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
stage 2 hypertension
greater than 160/100
Major risk factors for hypertension
smoking, obesity, inactivity, diabetes, family history, older age
organ damage for hypertension
retinal changes, renal damage, mi, stroke, heart enlargement
cholesterol desirable range
200/mg/dl fasting
triglycerides desirable range
150/mg/dl fasting
atelectasis
closure or collapse of alveoli
acute atelectasis
acchycardia, tachypnea, pleural pain, central cyanosis if large areas of the lung are affected
chronic atelectasis
similar to acute, pulmonary infection may be present
how do you prevent atelectasis
frequent turnings, early mobilization, incenive spirometer, voluntary deep breathing, secretion management
what is our main objective with atelectasis
improve ventilation and remove secretions
