Cardiovascular

Question 1

stroke volume

Answer 1

amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

Question 2

preload

Answer 2

degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole

Question 3

afterload

Answer 3

resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle

Question 4

contractility

Answer 4

ability of cardiac muscle to shorten in response to electrical impulse

Question 5

stable angina

Answer 5

chest pain precipitated by exertion or stress. Myocardial oxygen demands increaed

Question 6

unstable angina

Answer 6

(preinfarction) chest pain occuring at rest

Question 7

inractalb e

Answer 7

severe

Question 8

silent ischemia

Answer 8

diabetics

Question 9

prinzmetal angina

Answer 9

vasospasm

Question 10

angina is

Answer 10

due to insufficient coronary blood flow to the heart leading to less oxygen to the cardiac tissue

Question 11

left side heart failure

Answer 11

results in pulmonary congestion

Question 12

right side heart failure

Answer 12

jugular vein distention, systemic symptoms swelling

Question 13

how do you treat pulmonary edema

Answer 13

oxygen therapy, diuretics, vasodilators, position patient upright, legs over side of bed to decrease venous congestion

Question 14

pre-hypertension

Answer 14

120-139/80-89

Question 15

stage 1 hypertension

Answer 15

140-159/90-99

Question 16

stage 2 hypertension

Answer 16

greater than 160/100

Question 17

Major risk factors for hypertension

Answer 17

smoking, obesity, inactivity, diabetes, family history, older age

Question 18

organ damage for hypertension

Answer 18

retinal changes, renal damage, mi, stroke, heart enlargement

Question 19

cholesterol desirable range

Answer 19

200/mg/dl fasting

Question 20

triglycerides desirable range

Answer 20

150/mg/dl fasting

Question 21

atelectasis

Answer 21

closure or collapse of alveoli

Question 22

acute atelectasis

Answer 22

acchycardia, tachypnea, pleural pain, central cyanosis if large areas of the lung are affected

Question 23

chronic atelectasis

Answer 23

similar to acute, pulmonary infection may be present

Question 24

how do you prevent atelectasis

Answer 24

frequent turnings, early mobilization, incenive spirometer, voluntary deep breathing, secretion management

Question 25

what is our main objective with atelectasis

Answer 25

improve ventilation and remove secretions