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Drug Mechanisms of action > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Ramipril

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: ACE inhibitor.

Mechanism of action: Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 within the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.

Disease Action:Vasodilation (Reduced Peripheral vascular resistance = Reduced BP). Reduced Aldosterone = Reduced Na+ and water retention = reduced blood volume = reduced blood pressure. Prevents inappropriate remodelling of the heart following MI.

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2
Q

Enalapril

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: ACE inhibitor.

Mechanism of action: Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 within the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.

Disease Action:Vasodilation (Reduced Peripheral vascular resistance = Reduced BP). Reduced Aldosterone = Reduced Na+ and water retention = reduced blood volume = reduced blood pressure. Prevents inappropriate remodelling of the heart following MI.

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3
Q

Lisinopril

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: ACE inhibitor.

Mechanism of action: Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 within the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.

Disease Action:Vasodilation (Reduced Peripheral vascular resistance = Reduced BP). Reduced Aldosterone = Reduced Na+ and water retention = reduced blood volume = reduced blood pressure. Prevents inappropriate remodelling of the heart following MI.

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4
Q

Losartan

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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5
Q

Candesartan Cilexetil

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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6
Q

Irbesartan

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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7
Q

Eprosartan

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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8
Q

Azilsartan Medoxomil

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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9
Q

Olmesartan Medoxomil

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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10
Q

Telmisartan

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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11
Q

Valsartan

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of Action: Blocks action of Angiotensin 2 on its receptors within the angiotensin aldosterone system

Disease Action: Vasodilation resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and reduced after-load. Dilation of afferent glomerular arteriole reducing pressure and CKD progression. Reduction in aldosterone level promoting sodium and water excretion reducing venous return (Preload).

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12
Q

ACE inhibitors should be avoided in patients with:

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

Acute Kidney Injury

In women who are, or could become pregnant; and those breastfeeding

Potassium elevating drugs already prescribed including potassium supplements. and potassium sparing diuretics

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13
Q

Stage 1 hypertension is defined as:

A

BP > 140/90

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14
Q

Stage 2 hypertension is defined as:

A

BP > 160/100

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15
Q

Stage 3 hypertension is defined as:

A

BP > 180/110

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16
Q

Malignant hypertension is defined as:

A

BP > 180/110 + Papiloedema and/or retinal haemorrhage

17
Q

Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as:

A

Systolic BP > 140, Diastolic BP < 90

18
Q

Labetalol Hydrochloride

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Alpha and Beta Adrenoreceptor Blockers

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect)

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

19
Q

Nadalol

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Non selective

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect) and also block beta adreno-receptors in the peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas and liver

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

20
Q

Propranalol

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Non selective

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect) and also block beta adreno-receptors in the peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas and liver

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

21
Q

Atenalol

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Selective

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect)

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

22
Q

Bisoprolol

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Selective

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect)

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

23
Q

Metoprolol

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Selective

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect)

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

24
Q

Acebutolol

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug class: Beta Blocker - Selective

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit the release of renin reducing the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Blockade of Beta 1 receptors in the sino-atrial node reduces heart rate (Negative chronotropic effect) and blockade beta 1 receptors in the myocardium decreasing contractility (Negative inotropic effect)

Disease Action: Relief of myocardial ischaema by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand. Improve prognosis of heart failure by protecting the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation. Slows ventricular rate in AF by prolonging refractory period of AV node.

25
Q

Amlodipine

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker

Mechanism of Action: Decrease Ca2+ into vascular and cardiac cells, reducing intracellular calcium concentration = relaxation and vasodilation in arterial smooth muscle. Suppress cardiac conduction particularly across the AV node slowing ventricular rate, contractility and after load.

Disease action. Reduce myocardial 02 demand preventing angina. Treatment in hypertension.

26
Q

Felodipine

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker

Mechanism of Action: Decrease Ca2+ into vascular and cardiac cells, reducing intracellular calcium concentration = relaxation and vasodilation in arterial smooth muscle. Suppress cardiac conduction particularly across the AV node slowing ventricular rate, contractility and after load.

Disease action. Reduce myocardial 02 demand preventing angina. Treatment in hypertension.

27
Q

Nifedipine

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker

Mechanism of Action: Decrease Ca2+ into vascular and cardiac cells, reducing intracellular calcium concentration = relaxation and vasodilation in arterial smooth muscle. Suppress cardiac conduction particularly across the AV node slowing ventricular rate, contractility and after load.

Disease action. Reduce myocardial 02 demand preventing angina. Treatment in hypertension. Indicated in the treatment of Raynauds syndrome by encouraging widening of blood vessels

28
Q

Verapamil

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker

Mechanism of Action: Decrease Ca2+ into vascular and cardiac cells, reducing intracellular calcium concentration = relaxation and vasodilation in arterial smooth muscle. Suppress cardiac conduction particularly across the AV node slowing ventricular rate, contractility and after load.

Disease action. Reduce myocardial 02 demand preventing angina. Treatment in hypertension. Treatment in Supra ventricular tachycardias

29
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Thiazide Diuretic

Mechanism of action: Inhibits sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium wasting

Disease action: Reduction in blood pressure. Reduction in oedema.

30
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Thiazide Diuretic

Mechanism of action: Inhibits sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium wasting

Disease action: Reduction in blood pressure. Reduction in oedema.

31
Q

indapamide

Drug Class:
Mechanism of action:
Disease action:

A

Drug Class: Thiazide Diuretic

Mechanism of action: Inhibits sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium wasting

Disease action: Reduction in blood pressure. Reduction in oedema.

32
Q

Describe the 5 functions of Angiotensin 2

A
  1. Activation of the adrenal gland to produce aldosterone
  2. Increase sympathetic activity
  3. Tubular Na+ Cl- reabsorption with K+ excretion. H20 retention
  4. Arteriolar vasoconstriction
  5. ADH secretion from posterior pituitary

Drug Mechanisms of action (2 decks)

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